Balance expost de la permanencia de la base de Manta en el control del narcotráfico en Ecuador durante el período 2000-2016
With the signing of the Manta Base Agreement between Ecuador and the United States, positions in favor and against the agreement emerged in the country. On the one hand, the positions in favor established that the country is not an individual entity in the fight against drug trafficking, which is in...
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| Natura: | bachelorThesis |
| Pubblicazione: |
2019
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| Accesso online: | http://repositorio.iaen.edu.ec/handle/24000/6258 |
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Aggiungi Tag | Riassunto: | With the signing of the Manta Base Agreement between Ecuador and the United States, positions in favor and against the agreement emerged in the country. On the one hand, the positions in favor established that the country is not an individual entity in the fight against drug trafficking, which is international, therefore, it should be involved in collaboration with countries in the region - America - in the fight against drug traffic. Likewise, by allowing the United States to be located in the Manta Base, an important technological contribution would be generated against this illicit business. On the other hand, the opposite position establishes that the presence of the United States violates the sovereignty of Ecuador and that its installation in the Manta Base was not solely intended to control drug trafficking. With the analysis of security policies and theories, within the framework of complex interdependence, we seek to understand the reason why this agreement is signed and investigate the impact of the Manta Base on drug trafficking control in Ecuador. Likewise, through an ex-post balance, evaluate the permanence of the Manta Base in the country, which will allow answering the question What is the ex-post balance of the Manta Base's permanence in the control of the drug trafficking in Ecuador during the period 2000-2016? With the present work, not only was the historical evolution of the Ecuadorian State established in security matters, but also the strategies that were taken for the exit of the Manta base were known and additionally, the intervention in the control of drug trafficking was studied in Ecuador after the departure of the Manta Base. In addition, it was sought to establish to what extent the presence of the Manta base was a strength or a weakness in the control of illegal activities that occurred in the Ecuadorian territory; allowing to identify the means available to control agencies for the fight against criminal activities related to drug trafficking. With this in mind, this work is structured in four chapters, which are detailed below. Chapter I researches about the background that led to the signing of the agreement between Ecuador and the United States, through the characterization of the structural historical development of the Ecuadorian State in security matters. Additionally, in the first chapter reference is made to the methodology to be used for this research and the relevance of this study is established. Chapter II establishes drug trafficking as a threat from the perspective realism used mainly in International Relations studies and explores the role of military bases in the control of drug trafficking analyzed from the theory of security. Likewise, there is a historical tour of the installation of the US military bases in Latin America. In addition, the geopolitical vision of the intervention of this type of bases is exposed and Ecuador is analyzed as a case study selected for this research. Regarding the economic and political context of the implementation of the Manta Base, it is developed throughout Chapter III, inquiring about the nature of the base since it is identified as a military installation by the characteristics of its facilities. As well as the logistics and equipment used to monitor illegal operations related to drug trafficking. In addition, it is raised what was the base of Manta and the effects it had on the drug fight in the period that occupied the Ecuadorian soil. Chapter IV analyzes the political and institutional consequences that led to the exit of the Manta Base, its context in general. Carrying out, a chronological review of the antecedents prior to the departure of the United States military from Manta determines the strategies and technology that Ecuador has implemented for the control of drug trafficking in the country. In addition, detailed information is provided, both by descriptive statistics and the inclusion of interviews with experts, on what happened at the departure of the US military from the Blanket Base. This chapter concludes with the evaluation of its exit and the implications that it has brought. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations are placed after an exhaustive analysis of all the information related to the exit of the United States from the Manta Base and its consequences regarding the control of drug trafficking in Ecuador. The hypothesis that is defended throughout the investigation is verified, and that refers to the signing of the Manta Base agreement and after the 2009 modification made efficiency in the control of drug trafficking in aquatic spaces was lost because Technological resources for control were not replaced. |
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