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Introduction: Cognitive impairment (CD) is the progressive loss of psychic functions as age progresses in which different risk factors such as genetic factors, biochemical factors, demographic factors, certain diseases, use of drugs and lifestyles intervene. Objective: To describe cognitive impairment, its main risk factors and its relationship with diabetes. Methodology: The present study is a non-systematic review (narrative), scientific articles were searched in the main databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scielo and Science Direct) of the last 10 years. Through logical operators, AND between words and OR between synonyms, the search profiles were: cognition-risk factors, cognitive impairment-risk factors-diabetes-cognitive impairment. Results: CD is related to the changes of aging and dementia, cognitive function decreases with age and diabetes mellitus (DM) can accelerate this rate of cognitive decline. Poor glycemic control is strongly associated with the development of cognitive dysfunction, therefore, diabetes is a risk factor for the development of dementia of both vascular and neurodegenerative aetiology (Alzheimer's). Conclusion: Mental deterioration is progressive both at a cognitive level and produced by diabetes, being influenced by genetic and demographic factors, drugs, lifestyles and nutrient deficiency.

• Main Author: Padilla Samaniego, María Victoria (author)
• Other Authors: Espinoza Fajardo, Ana Cristina (author), Loza Chiriboga, Juan Sebastián (author), Puchaicela Namcela, Sisa del Rocío (author)
• Format: article
• Language: spa
• Published: 2022
• Online Access: http://revistas.espoch.edu.ec/index.php/cssn/article/view/709