Relationship between body mass index and gestational weight gain, with birth weight: a systematic review

The aim of this study was to analyze the available scientific evidence on the relationship between pregestational body mass index (BMI), weight gain during pregnancy, and birth weight. A systematic review was conducted, including studies published between 2020 and 2025 in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, sourced from databases such as PubMed, SciELO, Redalyc, LILACS, and Web of Science. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in the selection of 25 studies analyzed through thematic synthesis and methodological assessment. The findings show that low pregestational BMI is associated with a higher risk of low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth, while elevated BMI increases the risk of macrosomia, cesarean delivery, preeclampsia, and neonatal morbidity. Insufficient or excessive gestational weight gain is also linked to adverse outcomes. The combination of high BMI and excessive weight gain further amplifies these risks. Additional findings include negative impacts on breastfeeding and postnatal metabolic risks. Both pregestational BMI and gestational weight gain are key determinants of birth weight. Nutritional monitoring strategies adapted to local contexts are needed to optimize prenatal care and reduce perinatal risks. Outcomes highlighting the need for contextualized clinical protocols based on evidence.

• Autor principal: Barrezueta Álvarez, Nuria Gabriela (author)
• Altres autors: Luciano Salazar , César William (author), Batista Garcet, Yoiler (author)
• Format: article
• Idioma: spa
• Publicat: 2025
• Matèries: Body mass index; Gestational weight gain; Birth weight; Maternal health; Maternal nutritional status; Índice de masa corporal; Ganancia de peso gestacional; Peso al nacer; Salud materna; Recién nacido; Estado nutricional materno
• Accés en línia: https://revista.sangregorio.edu.ec/index.php/REVISTASANGREGORIO/article/view/3867