Reduced floral diversity and predominance of exotic species in the urban trees of the Esmeraldas canton, Ecuador
The urban trees of the Esmeraldas canton in Ecuador fulfills essential ecological and social functions, buttheir current state is poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the diversity, composition, and coverage of urban public green spaces. A forest inventory was conducted in 50 represen...
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| Online toegang: | https://revistasespam.espam.edu.ec/index.php/Revista_ESPAMCIENCIA/article/view/544 |
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Voeg label toe | _version_ | 1858426949521637376 |
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| author | Cali Ligua, Valeria Lissette |
| author2 | Tufiño Proaño, Leydy Genny Manrique Tóala, Tayron Omar Estévez Valdés, Ignacio Briones Anchundia, Gema Stephanya Cabrera Verdesoto, César Alberto |
| author2_role | author author author author author |
| author_facet | Cali Ligua, Valeria Lissette Tufiño Proaño, Leydy Genny Manrique Tóala, Tayron Omar Estévez Valdés, Ignacio Briones Anchundia, Gema Stephanya Cabrera Verdesoto, César Alberto |
| author_role | author |
| collection | Revistas Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Cali Ligua, Valeria Lissette Tufiño Proaño, Leydy Genny Manrique Tóala, Tayron Omar Estévez Valdés, Ignacio Briones Anchundia, Gema Stephanya Cabrera Verdesoto, César Alberto |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-12-23 |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf text/html application/zip |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | https://revistasespam.espam.edu.ec/index.php/Revista_ESPAMCIENCIA/article/view/544 10.51260/13908103.544 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | spa |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí Manuel Félix López |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://revistasespam.espam.edu.ec/index.php/Revista_ESPAMCIENCIA/article/view/544/1092 https://revistasespam.espam.edu.ec/index.php/Revista_ESPAMCIENCIA/article/view/544/1093 https://revistasespam.espam.edu.ec/index.php/Revista_ESPAMCIENCIA/article/view/544/1094 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.source.none.fl_str_mv | Revista ESPAMCIENCIA; Vol. 16 Núm. 2 (2025): REVISTA ESPAMCIENCIA 2025; 46-54 1390-8103 reponame:Revistas Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí instname:Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí instacron:ESPAM |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Diversidad ecológica especies introducidas especies nativas fabáceae índice verde Ecological diversity introduced species native species Fabaceae green index |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Reduced floral diversity and predominance of exotic species in the urban trees of the Esmeraldas canton, Ecuador Diversidad florística reducida y predominio de especies exóticas en el arbolado urbano del cantón Esmeraldas-Ecuador |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
| description | The urban trees of the Esmeraldas canton in Ecuador fulfills essential ecological and social functions, buttheir current state is poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the diversity, composition, and coverage of urban public green spaces. A forest inventory was conducted in 50 representative areas, recordinga total of 1,450 trees belonging to 20 tree species, distributed among 13 families. The results show a markedpredominance of introduced species (90%) compared to only 10% native species, with Adonidia merrillii being the most abundant, having an ecological importance value index of 38.34%. The Fabaceae family wasthe most represented. Urban vegetation coverage was 78,276 m² over a total surface area of green spacesof 352,421 m², with an urban green index of 2.06 m²/hab, a value well below the minimum of 9 m²/hab-1 recommended by the World Health Organization. Biodiversity indices reflected low to medium levels: Margalef(2.61), Simpson (0.63), and Shannon-Wiener (1.56). Taken together, these results indicate an unbalancedtree population, dominated by exotic species and with low diversity, which poses ecological and functionalrisks for the future. It is concluded that it is necessary to implement urban planning policies focused on diversifying tree populations, incorporating native species, and increasing vegetation cover as priority measuresto improve the sustainability, resilience, and environmental quality of the urban environment in the Esmeraldas canton. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| id | RevESPAM_6d5da061ba386de1d249a3264ed5eebc |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.51260/13908103.544 |
| instacron_str | ESPAM |
| institution | ESPAM |
| instname_str | Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí |
| language | spa |
| network_acronym_str | RevESPAM |
| network_name_str | Revistas Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/544 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí Manuel Félix López |
| reponame_str | Revistas Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | . |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | Revistas Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí - Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí |
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| rights_invalid_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 |
| spelling | Reduced floral diversity and predominance of exotic species in the urban trees of the Esmeraldas canton, EcuadorDiversidad florística reducida y predominio de especies exóticas en el arbolado urbano del cantón Esmeraldas-EcuadorCali Ligua, Valeria LissetteTufiño Proaño, Leydy GennyManrique Tóala, Tayron OmarEstévez Valdés, IgnacioBriones Anchundia, Gema StephanyaCabrera Verdesoto, César AlbertoDiversidad ecológicaespecies introducidasespecies nativasfabáceaeíndice verdeEcological diversityintroduced speciesnative speciesFabaceaegreen indexThe urban trees of the Esmeraldas canton in Ecuador fulfills essential ecological and social functions, buttheir current state is poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the diversity, composition, and coverage of urban public green spaces. A forest inventory was conducted in 50 representative areas, recordinga total of 1,450 trees belonging to 20 tree species, distributed among 13 families. The results show a markedpredominance of introduced species (90%) compared to only 10% native species, with Adonidia merrillii being the most abundant, having an ecological importance value index of 38.34%. The Fabaceae family wasthe most represented. Urban vegetation coverage was 78,276 m² over a total surface area of green spacesof 352,421 m², with an urban green index of 2.06 m²/hab, a value well below the minimum of 9 m²/hab-1 recommended by the World Health Organization. Biodiversity indices reflected low to medium levels: Margalef(2.61), Simpson (0.63), and Shannon-Wiener (1.56). Taken together, these results indicate an unbalancedtree population, dominated by exotic species and with low diversity, which poses ecological and functionalrisks for the future. It is concluded that it is necessary to implement urban planning policies focused on diversifying tree populations, incorporating native species, and increasing vegetation cover as priority measuresto improve the sustainability, resilience, and environmental quality of the urban environment in the Esmeraldas canton.El arbolado urbano del cantón Esmeraldas, Ecuador, cumple funciones ecológicas y sociales esenciales, pero su estado actual es poco conocido. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la diversidad, composición y cobertura de las áreas verdes públicas urbanas. Se aplicó un inventario forestal en 50 espacios representativos, registrando un total de 1450 individuos pertenecientes a 20 especies arbóreas, distribuidas en 13 familias. Los resultados muestran un predominio marcado de especies introducidas (90%) frente a solo 10% de especies nativas, siendo Adonidia merrillii la más abundante con un índice de valor de importancia ecológica de 38,34%. La familia fabáceae fue la más representada. La cobertura vegetal urbana fue de 78.276 m² sobre una superficie total de áreas verdes de 352.421 m², con un índice verde urbano de 2,06 m²/hab, valor muy por debajo del mínimo de 9 m2.hab-1recomendado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Los índices de biodiversidad reflejaron niveles bajos a medios: Margalef (2,61), Simpson (0,63) y Shannon-Wiener (1,56). En conjunto, estos resultados evidencian un arbolado desequilibrado, dominado por especies exóticas y con baja diversidad, lo que plantea riesgos ecológicos y funcionales a futuro. Se concluye que es necesario implementar políticas de planificación urbana orientadas a la diversificación del arbolado, la incorporación de especies nativas y el aumento de la cobertura vegetal, como medidas prioritarias para mejorar la sostenibilidad, resiliencia y calidad ambiental del entorno urbano del cantón Esmeraldas.Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí Manuel Félix López2025-12-23info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdftext/htmlapplication/ziphttps://revistasespam.espam.edu.ec/index.php/Revista_ESPAMCIENCIA/article/view/54410.51260/13908103.544Revista ESPAMCIENCIA; Vol. 16 Núm. 2 (2025): REVISTA ESPAMCIENCIA 2025; 46-541390-8103reponame:Revistas Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabíinstname:Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabíinstacron:ESPAMspahttps://revistasespam.espam.edu.ec/index.php/Revista_ESPAMCIENCIA/article/view/544/1092https://revistasespam.espam.edu.ec/index.php/Revista_ESPAMCIENCIA/article/view/544/1093https://revistasespam.espam.edu.ec/index.php/Revista_ESPAMCIENCIA/article/view/544/1094http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2026-01-20T15:43:39Zoai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/544Institucionalhttp://revistasespam.espam.edu.ec/Universidad públicahttp://www.espam.edu.ec/http://revistasespam.espam.edu.ec/oai.Ecuador.1390-81031390-597Xopendoar:02026-01-20T15:43:39Revistas Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí - Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabífalse |
| spellingShingle | Reduced floral diversity and predominance of exotic species in the urban trees of the Esmeraldas canton, Ecuador Cali Ligua, Valeria Lissette Diversidad ecológica especies introducidas especies nativas fabáceae índice verde Ecological diversity introduced species native species Fabaceae green index |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Reduced floral diversity and predominance of exotic species in the urban trees of the Esmeraldas canton, Ecuador |
| title_full | Reduced floral diversity and predominance of exotic species in the urban trees of the Esmeraldas canton, Ecuador |
| title_fullStr | Reduced floral diversity and predominance of exotic species in the urban trees of the Esmeraldas canton, Ecuador |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reduced floral diversity and predominance of exotic species in the urban trees of the Esmeraldas canton, Ecuador |
| title_short | Reduced floral diversity and predominance of exotic species in the urban trees of the Esmeraldas canton, Ecuador |
| title_sort | Reduced floral diversity and predominance of exotic species in the urban trees of the Esmeraldas canton, Ecuador |
| topic | Diversidad ecológica especies introducidas especies nativas fabáceae índice verde Ecological diversity introduced species native species Fabaceae green index |
| url | https://revistasespam.espam.edu.ec/index.php/Revista_ESPAMCIENCIA/article/view/544 |