Evaluación de bacillus spp. Y su metabolismo en el control biológico de ovularia y fusarium en chocho (lupinus mutabilis sweet)
The Andean Lupin or tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) is a leguminous plant of great nutritional value, particularly for the indigenous communities in Ecuador, where it plays a key role in the basic diet. Furthermore, the Andean Lupin is one of the crops with one of the largest demands and internation...
Αποθηκεύτηκε σε:
| Κύριος συγγραφέας: | |
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| Μορφή: | bachelorThesis |
| Γλώσσα: | spa |
| Έκδοση: |
2015
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| Θέματα: | |
| Διαθέσιμο Online: | http://dspace.udla.edu.ec/handle/33000/4801 |
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Προσθήκη ετικέτας | Περίληψη: | The Andean Lupin or tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) is a leguminous plant of great nutritional value, particularly for the indigenous communities in Ecuador, where it plays a key role in the basic diet. Furthermore, the Andean Lupin is one of the crops with one of the largest demands and international projection. However, it is also necessary to look for environmentally friendly alternatives which allow to increase crop yield and diminish sanitary issues. In Ecuador, among the phytosanitary issues, fungous diseases cause important damage to crops during the field stage and significantly reduce the crop and post-harvest storage yield. Among the mentioned diseases the anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum acutatum significantly reduce crop production. Other diseases such as the Ovularia, Fusarium and other fungal pathogens could cause loses particularly during seed storage stage. Traditionally, disease control has been performed using chemical fungicides, which increase production cost, represent an increase in the product´s toxicity and increase the risks to human health. Other strategies used by farmers are the sowing of a variety of INIAP´s agronomically enhanced seeds and the selection of the seed owned by the farmers resulting after the sowing and harvesting process. The latest, however, increase the incidence and dissemination of the diseases due to the use of low quality contaminated materials. Currently, the use of alternative methods such as the biological control, result interesting due to the fact that biological products contain a lower toxicity than chemical fungicides, plus, these products biodegrade in short periods of time. Among the biological control, the use of microorganisms and their metabolites, such as bacteria from the Bacillus spp., have yielded good results in the reduction of pre and post-harvest diseases in other crops containing leguminous plants. In order to control lupin diseases, it results interesting to evaluate bacterial biological potential from this genera obtained in lupin production facilities. In the present study, Bacillus spp. isolates genera were obtained from different Andean lupin production areas of Cotopaxi and Chimborazo provinces, and evaluated as potential biological controls against Ovularia and Fusarium infections on seed. The potential biocontrol of different isolates was evaluated through the characterization of Bacillus species, the production of biomass and antifungal metabolites, and antagonistic effect against Ovularia and Fusarium in vitro and in vivo. Out of the different isolated samples taken in the lupin production facilities, four isolates corresponded to Bacillus genus. According to the microbiologic and chemical characterization results, these isolates correspond to the Bacillus subtilis species which are producers of endospores and metabolites with antifungal potential. In the antifungal activity assays performed by a dual and lipopeptides antifungal activity by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and autobiography analysis, the four strains of B. subtilis showed an inhibition of the Ovularia and Fusarium growth up to 57 and 59%, respectively compared with untreated control. In the effectivity assays in vivo, B. subtilis strains showed a reduction of the artificial Ovularia and Fusarium infections up to 80% to 50% compared to the controls without treatment; and latent infection treatment showed reduced incidence to 36.7% compared to control 83% of control. In greenhouse trials with five genotypes of L. mutabilis, Bacillus demonstrated effectiveness reducing the incidence of disease about 35% without affecting germination and plant emergence. All these results showed that isolated cultures of B. subtilis have an antagonistic potential against Ovularia and Fusarium in the Andean lupin. |
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