Evaluación de la restricción, en la fertilización nítrica y amoniacal sobre la sanidad y rendimiento en el cultivo de dos líneas de trigo harinero (Triticum aestivum L.)

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is essential for industry and global food, it faces diseases such as rust, leaf spots and fusariosis, the incidence of which can increase with nitrogen fertilization. Nevertheless, the fertilization improves yield, it poses challenges for the health of the crop, highlighting the importance of sustainable agronomic management. Therefore, the objectives of this research were: 1) Evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization with nitric and ammoniacal sources on the severity of fungal diseases in the event of natural infection of leaf spots, rusts and fusarium. 2) Determine the effect of efficient nitrogen use depending on the source applied, and 3) Estimate the economic return on investments of the applied fertilization technologies based on a dominance analysis. The data were examined with analysis of variance followed by the 5% Tukey test. the results obtained indicate that the variables number of tillers (NM), number of spikes per square meter (NEPMC), plant height (AP), severity of leaf spots (SEVMF), severity of rust (SEVR), number of grains per spike (NGPE), grain weight per spike (PGPE), yield (REN), thousand grain weight (PM), and hectoliter weight (PH) were significant. It was observed that T10 and T7 treated with ammonia fertilization (ammonium nitrate) at 100% of the requirement presented less severity of leaf spots, as well as obtained a yield of 5635.45kg ha−1. Furthermore, the dominance analysis revealed that by using a wheat tolerant to fungal diseases with ammonium nitrate covering 100% of the fertilization requirement as the treatment (T10), the greatest net benefit was obtained ($1,873.22 USD), standing out as the most cost-effective compared to treatments. therefore, fertilization with nitric and ammoniacal sources significantly influences the severity of fungal diseases in bread wheat.

• Autor Principal: Espinoza Pañi, Joseline Nicole (author)
• Formato: bachelorThesis
• Publicado: 2025
• Acceso en liña: https://dspace.ueb.edu.ec/handle/123456789/8133