Profilaxis antimicrobiana preventiva en el sitio quirúrgico en cirugías de traumatología y ortopedia en adultos.

Trauma and orthopedic surgery are essential for treating musculoskeletal system injuries, but they present a considerable risk of surgical site infections (SSI). SSIs, which occur in the surgical wound within 30 days post-surgery or 90 days if prosthetic devices are involved, affect approximately 0.5% to 3% of patients and can lead to morbidity, mortality, and additional costs. These infections are a significant public health concern, representing 38% of all nosocomial infections.Antimicrobial prophylaxis plays a crucial role in preventing SSIs, providing an essential preventive measure that, when correctly administered, can significantly reduce the incidence of these infections. However, the efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis is compromised by several challenges, including the growing resistance to antimicrobials and the need to customize treatments according to the specific characteristics of each patient and the type of surgery performed. This literature review aims to consolidate and evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis in orthopedic surgeries, given the high incidence of SSIs, and their impact on health and medical costs. The analysis is based on current studies collected from various academic sources up to the year 2024, highlighting the importance of updating preventive strategies in trauma and orthopedic surgery. The review concludes that effective SSI prevention requires the appropriate use of antibiotics and aseptic surgical practices. Guidelines recommend the use of first-generation cephalosporins, with cefazolin being the most suitable due to its antimicrobial spectrum and coverage against agents commonly causing infections. Additionally, it is shown that orthopedic surgeries such as hip and knee replacements exhibit SSI rates between 0.5% and 2%, influenced by factors that may or may not be modifiable, such as patient age, health status, surgical duration, technique, and type of implant. Emphasizing the understanding of these factors is crucial for improving infection prevention and reducing postoperative complications, thereby enhancing clinical outcomes.

• Главный автор: Aynguano Aynaguano, Santiago Alexis (author)
• Другие авторы: Badillo Pazmiño, Andrés Santiago (author)
• Формат: bachelorThesis
• Язык: spa
• Опубликовано: 2024
• Предметы: Profilaxis antimicrobiana; Infección del sitio quirúrgico; Traumatología; Ortopedia
• Online-ссылка: http://dspace.unach.edu.ec/handle/51000/13455