Resistencia Antibiótica en Odontología.

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a global problem due to the incorrect use of antibiotics and their easy access to the population. The World Health Organization (WHO) warns that if this problem is not addressed with the importance it requires. There could be more than 10 million deaths annually due to bacterial resistance by 2050. In dentistry, around 11% of medical prescriptions are antibiotics, and most are not clinically necessary. Objective: This research aimed to identify resistance mechanisms and the microorganisms responsible for this resistance in dental treatments. Methodology: A bibliographic review was conducted through a search in PubMed and Scielo, focusing on broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance in dentistry. The PRISMA method was used with 34 articles that met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Bacterial cultures revealed that most infections are polymicrobial, with higher rates of streptococci in deep infections. The antibiotic resistance rate was 17.8%, with amoxicillin being the drug with the highest bacterial resistance. Likewise, infections with resistant organisms showed clinical responses with severe complications. Conclusion: Inappropriate use of antibiotics causes microbial resistance, as it alters the oral microbiome and encourages genetic mutation in bacteria, increasing their resistance and making treatments ineffective. It was identified that most odontogenic infections are polymicrobial, with high resistance rates in gram-negative and microaerophilic microorganisms, especially amoxicillin.

• Príomhchruthaitheoir: Sánchez Mendoza, Alex Fernando (author)
• Formáid: bachelorThesis
• Teanga: spa
• Foilsithe / Cruthaithe: 2025
• Ábhair: Antibióticos; Resistencia; Odontología; Amplio Espectro
• Rochtain ar líne: http://dspace.unach.edu.ec/handle/51000/14487