Ergonomía en prevención de trastornos de la columna vertebral en niños en etapa escolar.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in schoolchildren are a growing problem due to factors such as inadequate posture, use of non-ergonomic furniture, and heavy backpacks. Ergonomics applied in the school environment emerges as a key tool to prevent these problems and improve students' postural health, with positive repercussions for their wellbeing and academic performance. This study aims to address the lack of effective and sustainable strategies in the school context. To evaluate the effectiveness of ergonomic and educational interventions to prevent MSDs in schoolchildren. Bibliographic research collected 30 relevant articles from databases such as Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The PEDro scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the selected studies, which were then analyzed in a comparative framework and synthesized narratively. The studies show that the ergonomic design of school furniture, the implementation of educational programs on postural hygiene, and active breaks significantly reduce the incidence of MSDs. However, limitations persist in the methodological designs, such as the lack of longitudinal follow-up and heterogeneity in the evaluation criteria. School ergonomics is an effective strategy for preventing MSDs and improving postural health among schoolchildren. It is recommended to implement these interventions comprehensively and sustainably in schools, involving teachers, parents, and health professionals. It is also suggested that longitudinal research be carried out to evaluate their long-term impact.

• Tác giả chính: Carrillo Álava, Angy Nicol (author)
• Định dạng: bachelorThesis
• Ngôn ngữ: spa
• Được phát hành: 2026
• Những chủ đề: Educación Postural; Ergonomía Escolar; Prevención Postural; Salud Infantil; Tastornos Musculoesqueléticos
• Truy cập trực tuyến: http://dspace.unach.edu.ec/handle/51000/16372