Evaluación del uso de arcillas como medios filtrantes para la depuración microbiológica de aguas naturales

The improper use of water resources is a growing concern, as it is negatively affecting water quality, which in turn contributes to the spread of infectious diseases. Therefore, the implementation of new techniques for the treatment of natural waters is necessary in order to address this problem. Accordingly, the present research project was conducted with the aim of evaluating the use of clays as filtering media for the physicochemical and microbiological purification of natural waters. Three oxidic materials were evaluated (red, white, and mixed with diatomite). Several filters were structured by analyzing the effect of the type and quantity of material. These systems were used in three types of tests: treatment of physicochemical parameters, parasite removal, and bacterial filtration. In each experiment, turbidity, pH, and electrical conductivity parameters were determined. As problem samples, water from the Chibunga River and synthetic samples prepared with parasite concentrates were used, and the bacterium Escherichia coli was employed. These activities were carried out with the collaboration of students and professors from the Faculty of Health Sciences, Clinical Laboratory program. The results obtained indicated that all the materials used fulfill a dual function of sieving and adsorption during the treatment process, due to their chemical composition. These materials not only filter the water but also have the ability to retain dissolved salts present in it, which results in a reduction in electrical conductivity and pH, thereby contributing to an improvement in water quality. The efficiency of the filtration systems increases with the increase in the mass of the filtering medium, and the pellets of the mixed material used in the FMC8 and FMBC9 filters allow the highest parasite retention, achieving 90% removal of Chilomastix mesnili and Endolimax nana, while the remaining protozoa and helminths were removed from the water by 100%. The findings of this research study present a simple and accessible application alternative, highlighting that filter efficiency is related to the porosity of the filtering medium, the amount of mass, and the type of material used.

• Главный автор: Gaona Mangash, Amy Mishell (author)
• Другие авторы: Vásconez Aliaga, Cynthia Estephany (author)
• Формат: bachelorThesis
• Язык: spa
• Опубликовано: 2024
• Предметы: Material filtrante; Parásitos; Bacterias; Arcillas
• Online-ссылка: http://dspace.unach.edu.ec/handle/51000/12359