Cardiopatias congénitas más frecuentes en pacientes pediátricos con Trisomía 21.
Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is a genetic condition frequently associated with various congenital anomalies, among which congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are particularly prominent. This study aimed to identify the most common CHDs in pediatric patients with trisomy 21, establish the relationship betw...
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| Hovedforfatter: | |
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| Format: | bachelorThesis |
| Sprog: | spa |
| Udgivet: |
2024
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| Fag: | |
| Online adgang: | http://dspace.unach.edu.ec/handle/51000/13607 |
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Tilføj Tag | Summary: | Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is a genetic condition frequently associated with various congenital anomalies, among which congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are particularly prominent. This study aimed to identify the most common CHDs in pediatric patients with trisomy 21, establish the relationship between these CHDs and Down syndrome, and determine the most significant systemic complications that may develop in these patients. Nineteen relevant scientific articles describing the characteristics and prevalence of CHDs in this population were analyzed. Comprehensive searches were conducted in several recognized scientific databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. The results demonstrated that the most common cardiac anomalies in patients with Down syndrome are atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). These conditions represent a significant percentage of cases, with prevalences ranging from 20% to 67.3%. Additionally, a strong association between Down syndrome and the prevalence of CHDs was observed, with studies reporting that between 40% and 80% of patients with Down syndrome have some form of congenital heart anomaly. This relationship is attributed to the specific genetic alterations of trisomy 21 that affect cardiac development. The most significant systemic complications associated with CHDs in patients with Down syndrome include pulmonary hypertension, congestive heart failure, and increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. Pulmonary hypertension, in particular, has been reported with a significant prevalence, affecting between 14.3% and 30% of patients. This study underscores the importance of early detection and comprehensive management of CHDs in patients with Down syndrome. |
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