Anemia Megaloblástica, diagnóstico clínico y de laboratorio.
Megaloblastic anemia is characterized by the presence of large, immature red blood cells—known as megaloblasts—located in the bone marrow. This condition is mainly caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12 or folic acid, essential nutrients for DNA synthesis and erythrocyte maturation. The present work...
Gorde:
| Egile nagusia: | |
|---|---|
| Beste egile batzuk: | |
| Formatua: | bachelorThesis |
| Hizkuntza: | spa |
| Argitaratua: |
2025
|
| Gaiak: | |
| Sarrera elektronikoa: | http://dspace.unach.edu.ec/handle/51000/16180 |
| Etiketak: |
Etiketa erantsi
Etiketarik gabe, Izan zaitez lehena erregistro honi etiketa jartzen!
|
Etiketa erantsi | Gaia: | Megaloblastic anemia is characterized by the presence of large, immature red blood cells—known as megaloblasts—located in the bone marrow. This condition is mainly caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12 or folic acid, essential nutrients for DNA synthesis and erythrocyte maturation. The present work aimed to investigate this hematological disorder, focusing on the clinical and laboratory diagnostic methods that contribute to timely detection and early prevention in patients. The study adopted a qualitative approach with descriptive, documentary, non-experimental, and retrospective research, based on the analysis of scientific literature on this disease. Recognized databases such as Google Scholar, the official website of the World Health Organization, PubMed, SciELO, Elsevier, and Redalyc were used. The total study population consisted of 85 scientific documents, from which a sample of 30 articles meeting the established inclusion criteria was selected. Older bibliographies and articles without a publication date or full text were excluded. The main findings show that this disorder is characterized by frequent symptoms such as pallor, fatigue, asthenia, and dyspnea, along with less common but clinically relevant digestive and neurological manifestations. Its origin is multifactorial, with a predominance of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency associated with malabsorption, as well as the intake of antiepileptic drugs, pregnancy, alcoholism, and chronic intestinal diseases. Hematological findings include low haemoglobin levels, elevated MCV, macro-ovalocytes, and hyper-segmented neutrophils. Biochemical alterations—including elevated LDH, homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid levels—further strengthen the diagnostic value. |
|---|