Complicaciones obstétricas de la vaginosis bacteriana en gestantes adolescentes

ABSTRACT: Garcés López, L (2023). Obstetric complications of bacterial vaginosis in pregnant adolescents (Thesis). Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo. Riobamba, Ecuador. There is currently a high rate of teenage pregnancy worldwide, which is why it is a great concern in our society; in addition to the series of obstetric complications that it represents, with a high risk of maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality. Bacterial vaginosis according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is associated with multiple obstetric-perinatal complications such as abortion, low birth weight, preterm birth, premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, amnionitis, threat of preterm labor that are triggered by various factors such as: persistent vaginal discharge the use of underwear or clothing made of synthetic material or lycra, favoring bacterial growth and by the physiological changes in the system. immunology of the pregnant patient; The following study was carried out considering the aforementioned aspects and determining according to the studies, there is an increase in infections in pregnant women of 25% and in women with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) between 30 and 37%. In Ecuador, adolescents were the subgroups with the highest prevalence of bacterial vaginosis infections with 22.8%. Objective: To establish the obstetric complications that occur due to bacterial vaginosis in pregnant adolescents based on the search and review of recent scientific and academic literature. Methodology: The research consists of a descriptive bibliographic review. The publication was based on original articles, reviews, retrospective analyzes and guidelines consulted in the databases available in the Library, Documentation and Information System of the National University of Chimborazo, such as: Science direct, Clinical Key, Cochrane and PubMed. To locate them, keywords such as: "bacterial vaginosis", "vaginosis in pregnancy", "screening", obstetric complications in pregnancy and "diagnosis of vaginosis" were used. It was decided to limit the review to sources published in the period between 2018 and 2023. Results: Bacterial vaginosis is caused by an imbalance in the bacterial populations of the normal vaginal microbiota. Certain conditions in which considerable hormonal changes occur, such as pregnancy, can precipitate this dysbiosis. In most cases it is asymptomatic, but if it is not, it presents with a whitish vaginal discharge, with a bad smell, quite characteristic. Regarding its pathophysiology, the virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria are responsible for the disruption of the vaginal microenvironment, and the risk factors are mostly the same as those associated with other sexually transmitted infections; however, low vitamin D levels have also been associated with it. Its diagnosis can be through clinical, histopathological or molecular detection findings, but the most recent corresponds to rapid enzyme detection tests. Conclusions: Regarding treatment, in most cases, the consensus is in favor of treating symptomatic patients; however, it is uncertain how to proceed with asymptomatic patients. Although bacterial vaginosis is not a pathology with an alarming clinical picture, it is different in pregnant adolescents, since it has already been established that it is capable of increasing the risk of unfavorable obstetric complications such as: abortion, low birth weight, preterm births, premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, amnionitis, threatened preterm labor, and postpartum infections. Conclusions: Regarding treatment, in most cases, the consensus is in favor of treating symptomatic patients; however, it is uncertain how to proceed with asymptomatic patients. Keywords: bacterial vaginosis, pregnant adolescents, gestational complications, vaginal infections.

• Автор: Garcés López, Lady Tatiana (author)
• Формат: bachelorThesis
• Мова: spa
• Опубліковано: 2023
• Предмети: vaginosis bacteriana; adolescentes gestantes; infecciones vaginales
• Онлайн доступ: http://dspace.unach.edu.ec/handle/51000/11361