Alteraciones de las funciones ejecutivas en niños de nacimiento prematuro.

ABSTRACT: Nowadays, there is an increase in premature birth rates prevails globally, which generates physical and psychological complications for infants, especially affecting the development of executive functions (EF) in the different spheres of the child, which can be aggravated in adolescence or later ages. Gestational age and birth weight are essential determinants to consider for the evaluation of cognitive and executive functions, the latter being those that allow adaptation to new situations, solving problems and making decision. The objetive of this present work is to analyze the alterations in executive functions and preterm birth, identifying the types of birth with greater affectation and the most deficient components of EF by means of a bibliographic review of the last 8 years. The study population consisted of 258 scientific papers and the sample consisted of 28 articles and master's theses addressing the aforementioned problems. The results showed that the most deficient components are: planning, working memory, cognitive flexibility and verbal fluency. As for the type of birth, those with extreme preterm birth in gestational stages of less than 28 weeks and/or with an extreme low birth weight present a greater risk of alterations in the EF.

• Hlavní autor: Días Pucha, Jander Nicolay (author)
• Médium: bachelorThesis
• Jazyk: spa
• Vydáno: 2023
• Témata: Nacimiento prematuro; funciones ejecutivas; prematuridad; neuropsicología
• On-line přístup: http://dspace.unach.edu.ec/handle/51000/10954