Uso de ondansetron en el tratamiento y prevención de náuseas y vomito en colecistectomías. revisión sistemática

Introduction. Cholecystectomy is a surgical technique that has a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, has been widely used to prevent these complications. Objective. To determine the effectiveness of ondansetron in the treatment and prevention of nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Materials and methods. The study adopted a qualitative approach with a non-experimental design, applying the PRISMA method for systematic review. Fifteen studies were selected after applying the inclusion criteria, which considered clinical studies, reviews, and comparative studies from the period 2020-2025. Results. Ondansetron is effective as monotherapy, although it is surpassed in some contexts by drugs such as palonosetron and ramosetron. Combinations of ondansetron with dexamethasone, haloperidol, or dimenhydrinate achieved greater efficacy, reducing the need for rescue medication and improving the postoperative condition. When analyzing doses, routes of administration, and comparisons with other antiemetics, it was established that adjusted regimens offer better results. Conclusions. Ondansetron is a useful tool in the prevention of PONV, especially when administered in adequate doses and in combination with other drugs. It is useful for optimizing perioperative care, reducing complications, and contributing to safe patient recovery.

• Hovedforfatter: Aldaz Guamán, Nataly Daniela (author)
• Format: masterThesis
• Sprog: spa
• Udgivet: 2026
• Fag: COLECISTECTOMÍA; ATENCIÓN POSTOPERATORIA; NVPO; ONDANSETRÓN; PREVENCIÓN
• Online adgang: https://dspace.uniandes.edu.ec/handle/123456789/19801