Factores ambientales asociados a la ocurrencia de leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is an infectious tropical disease, transmitted by vectors such as mosquitoes of the genus Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. This systematic review analyzes the environmental factors associated with its occurrence, covering research from 2019 to 2024. The main environmental factors identified include climate, deforestation, humidity and human activities such as agriculture and urbanization. The analysis was performed using the prisma methodology, evaluating databases such as Pubmed, Scielo and Cochrane Library. We reviewed 18 systematic studies on the relationship between climatic factors and leishmaniasis, concluding that changes in vegetation cover, rising temperatures, and variations in humidity are determinants of vector distribution. The impact of human activities on the alteration of natural habitats, which increases the risk of transmission in rural and peri-urban areas, was also highlighted. Among the most relevant findings is the direct relationship between climate changes, such as the El Niño phenomenon, and increased incidence of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis in tropical and subtropical areas. Deforestation was identified as a key factor that alters ecosystems, increasing contact between vectors and human populations. Humidity and precipitation have a direct influence on the proliferation of mosquito vectors. This research analyzes preventive measures between environmental management and urban planning to achieve reduction and exposure to the vectors that cause this disease, mitigating the impact of leishmaniasis on vulnerable populations.

• Autore principale: Niama Castillo, Prisila Nataly (author)
• Natura: masterThesis
• Lingua: spa
• Pubblicazione: 2025
• Soggetti: LEISHMANIASIS; AMBIENTE; FACTORES; CONDICIONES; INCIDENCIA; CUTÁNEA; VISCERAL; MUCOCUTÁNEA
• Accesso online: https://dspace.uniandes.edu.ec/handle/123456789/19548