Evolución de la resistencia microbiana en patógenos respiratorios comunes como streptococcus pneumoniae y haemophilus influenzae en poblacion adulta
Background: Respiratory infections represent one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, has complicated antibiotic treatments due to their increasing resistance. Introduct...
Αποθηκεύτηκε σε:
| Κύριος συγγραφέας: | |
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| Μορφή: | masterThesis |
| Γλώσσα: | spa |
| Έκδοση: |
2025
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| Θέματα: | |
| Διαθέσιμο Online: | https://dspace.uniandes.edu.ec/handle/123456789/19551 |
| Ετικέτες: |
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Προσθήκη ετικέτας | Περίληψη: | Background: Respiratory infections represent one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, has complicated antibiotic treatments due to their increasing resistance. Introduction: The discovery of antibiotics marked a milestone in medicine, but misuse has fostered bacterial resistance. The aim of the study is to analyze the antimicrobial resistance of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae in adults and to evaluate the efficacy of current antibiotics. Objectives: To evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae in adults, determining their evolution in respiratory infections. Materials and methods: A systematic review of 412 articles was carried out, selected by specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, 34 relevant studies were used. Results: H. influenzae showed high resistance to penicillins, even in nonproducing strains (BLNAR). Significant resistance to quinolones and other antibiotics was observed in 50% of isolates. S. pneumoniae also showed β-lactamase resistance, especially to beta-lactams and macrolides. Discussion: Prolonged use of macrolides such as azithromycin can alter the respiratory microbiota and promote resistance. Genetic variation in genes such as licA and hgpB affects the virulence of H. influenzae, increasing its resistance. Conclusions: Bacterial resistance has limited the efficacy of common antibiotics such as amoxicillin and ampicillin. Epidemiological surveillance and avoidance of overprescribing are recommended to curb the evolution of antimicrobial resistance in these pathogens. |
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