Cuidados de enfermería en complicaciones posquirúrgicas de pacientes con cirugía gastrointestinal, revisión sistemática

Introduction: Nursing care in the postoperative period of gastrointestinal surgeries is essential for preventing and managing complications that may affect patient recovery. Timely interventions can reduce risks and optimize clinical outcomes. Objective: To analyze nursing care in postoperative complications of gastrointestinal surgeries through a systematic review. Method: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The research was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, LILACS, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Scielo. Articles published between 2021 and 2025 in English, Portuguese, and Spanish were included, prioritizing studies addressing the nursing role in managing postoperative complications in gastrointestinal surgery. The methodological quality of the articles was assessed using critical appraisal tools, and a qualitative analysis of the findings was conducted. Results: Continuous monitoring of vital signs and early detection of complications such as infections, paralytic ileus, and wound dehiscence were identified as fundamental for effective intervention. Early mobilization reduces the risk of thrombosis and promotes intestinal recovery. Additionally, appropriate administration of fluids, analgesics, and antibiotics contributes to pain control and infection prevention. Patient and family education improves adherence to postoperative care. Conclusion: The use of evidence-based protocols and guidelines enhances care delivery. Implementing these practices strengthens the nursing role, minimizes complications, and promotes faster patient recovery.

• Autor principal: Escobar Mullo, Samira Lindey (author)
• Format: masterThesis
• Idioma: spa
• Publicat: 2026
• Matèries: ENFERMERÍA, PACIENTES; POSQUIRÚRGICO; COMPLICACIONES; GASTROINTESTINAL
• Accés en línia: https://dspace.uniandes.edu.ec/handle/123456789/19823