Efectividad de aislados nativos de Trichoderma spp., en el control biológico del nematodo agallador Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood de las raices de tomate (Solanum Iycopersicum)

The cultivation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) has a great economic importance for the province of Loja, becoming one of the vegetables with higher commercial demand in the market; It hosts a great variety of pests and diseases that occurs in all its phenological phases, among which is the root-knot nematode M. incognita, of great distribution and world economic importance; Ecuador reports losses from 36 to 47% in 2009; nowadays this problem is treated in most cases with commercial high-frequency nematicides, which present problems of toxicity for the soil, water and production; leading to health problems for producers. Given this situation, new alternatives have been generated with an agroecological approach among which the biological control stands out. The present investigation was carried out in the Vegetable Health Laboratory of the FARNR and in the CBFT-Z (March 2016 to February 2017), in this research the efficacy of 10 strains of the fungus Trichoderma spp. was evaluated facing M. incognita under field conditions. The field evaluations showed galling rates lower than 3.5 degrees and J2 population in 10 g of root and 100 cm3 of soil, highlighting the isolated YEB(J2)T, SF2b, LTD2 4a presenting significant differences with respect to the control; clearly evidencing its effect on the agronomic variables (height, foliar biomass and root biomass) of the plant and on the production that reached 42.6 tons/ha. In vitro tests allowed to determine parasitism in eggs from 24.2 to 85.8% and from 21.7 to 74.2% in J2 larvae, significant statistical differences between treatments could be observed. Performing the recapture of the isolated it was evidenced the survival capacity of the different strains at field levels, highlighting the isolated SF2b, C-TM3 1a and YEB(J2)T with 966.7, 850 and 808.3 Colony-Forming Units (CFU) respectively. So its use as an alternative for the management of M. incognita can be recommended under similar conditions to those evaluated. Key words: biological control, Meloidogyne incognita, Trichoderma spp., tomato.

• Huvudupphovsman: Gordillo Delgado, Abraham Israel (author)
• Materialtyp: bachelorThesis
• Språk: spa
• Publicerad: 2017
• Ämnen: TOMATE; NEMATODO AGALLADOR; TRICHODERMA; MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA; CONTROL BIOLÓGICO
• Länkar: http://dspace.unl.edu.ec/jspui/handle/123456789/19044