PROYECTO DE FACTIBILIDAD DEL USO DE PANELES PREFABRICADOS DE HORMIGÓN PARA LA REDUCCIÓN DE COSTOS EN LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE VIVIENDAS EN LA CIUDAD DE LOJA

The purpose of this thesis is to present in greater proportions the advantages of prefabrication in the construction industry. The housing model presented in this document, is not the only one that exists. You can design an infinite number of varieties, from a house of two levels to a building with several floors in height. The prefabricated elements will be built with reinforced concrete, which is the most common material in our medium. The cost of the construction materials in Loja is the highest in the country, due to the fact that the production and distribution centers are not near the region then the value of the transport ascends, and on the other hand, due to the speculation. In light of this problem and in the search for solutions, the following objectives are stated: Market analysis of the supply and demand of Housing in the City of Loja; Analysis of costs of the housing units, the used materials, and manpower; comparative chart between a type of house that has been built with traditional system and a house of the same area built with prefabricated elements; design of the prefabricated elements for their use in the housings; cost determination of these elements and their relationship per square meter of construction. All the above stated objectives have been successfully achieved in the development of the research work. For the execution of the objectives, the Methods and Technical that were used as a tool and guide in the elaboration of the present thesis and also were used in the withdrawal of the information and in the respective analysis; they were the following ones: inductive-deductive method in which there is an analysis of the market, existence of similar projects, cost of materials, manpower, acceptance of the product, among others; descriptive method for the use of graphics and pictures properly detailed and explained; statistical method which allowed to elaborate in typological charts the 6 characteristics, the economic productive types and the results of the relevant comparison. The technique is indispensable in the process of the scientific investigation, since it integrates the structure by means of which the investigation is organized, the following techniques were used: bibliographical revision to facilitate the review of theoretical and practical research of different authors; the survey was used to gather information relating to potential users and home builders’ inclination and preferences about the prefabricated elements; but it is made clear that people who define the use of the mentioned material are the final plaintiffs, in this case the families. 373 surveys were carried out to the potential plaintiffs that are the families and also to 106 professionals of the construction. The results of the above mentioned surveys have shown that: the 48.30% of the families have the possibilities to access housing, most of the respondents conclude that in the city of Loja the cost of construction is very high, the results are positive in reference to access a housing with prefabricated elements; according to the manufacturers, the 98.6% makes reference to the high costs of construction in Loja. In the end, the construction costs of the two methods will be compared in order to prove that prefabrication can be one of the solutions to the housing problems of our country. The construction with prefabricated panels of a housing type of 50 m2, reaches the cost of $12.105,08 dollars with VAT (value added taxes) included, allowing the users to save the 9.15 % in contrast to the construction with cement block and the 12.44 % to the common brick. Although the differential value is low, for the families that access to this type of housing units and who usually ask for financing by means of the housing subsidy, it is significant. 7 The panel design and structure of housing, are based on the considerations which are established by the Regulation for Structural Concrete Constructions ACI 318-

• Автор: Muri Cedeño, Darwin (author)
• Формат: other
• Мова: spa
• Опубліковано: 2016
• Предмети: PROYECTOS DE CONSULTORÍA; PANELES PREFABRICADOS; REDUCCIÓN DE COSTOS; CONSTRUCCIÓN DE VIVIENDAS
• Онлайн доступ: http://dspace.unl.edu.ec/jspui/handle/123456789/11898