Construcción de indicadores sociales y medición de la desigualdad de oportunidades del cantón Loja área rural, año 2012

So far, there have been no systematic efforts to express the level of inequality that is observed in the different provinces of Ecuador , where many households face serious difficulties in achieving economic and social well-being , due to circumstances - gender, race, the place where they were born , or familiar surroundings alien to them and therefore are out of your control. It is important to investigate the difference between the opportunities that has a child born in a wealthy family of a child versus the people, which is in a state of extreme poverty , which has no opportunity to study and whose home lacks basic services , is justified from the standpoint of social and economic , the aim of public policy is to eliminate all such injustices . The Human Opportunity Index ( HOI ) , appears as the most appropriate index to measure inequality , the problem lies in the lack of information that prevents calculate the Human Opportunity Index and identify the most disadvantaged groups in the cantons of the province of Loja , so that is difficult to design integrated economic and social policies , on an equity approach . Policies should be designed to the satisfaction of basic needs and the gradual elimination of unnecessary, unjust and avoidable social inequalities. The rural area of Canton Loja has 34,664 inhabitants, was applied to a household survey, a representative sample of 200 houses belonging to rural Loja Canton , (which on average accounted for 800 people, considering that according to official estimates in each inhabit housing four) , surveys are the segmented in each of the rural parishes Loja canton proportionately according to population density. Scientific method was applied as from the collection of information , it was possible to demonstrate the necessary information from this area , thereby obtaining the indicators mentioned in the investigation for their analysis . The inductive method allowed the observation of particular facts and conclude propositions that explain the research problem, this method helped to generalize about the socioeconomic situation of the county. The deductive 7 method allowed deduction of recommendations to achieve combat problems that became evident in the study area. The analytic-synthetic method served to involve the interplay of the elements of the Human Opportunity Index and its relation on the set played with reference to the research question. Just as different techniques were applied: literature (collection of information related to the topic of study through citations as files, books, scientific papers, among others), Survey (gather information through responses from the surveyed households). Finally we used index cards to record the relevant data related to the topic of study and survey questionnaire that was used to conduct the survey to households in rural areas of Loja sang. In rural areas of Loja Canton Opportunity Inequality is at a 68.71 %, ie the percentage of available opportunities (education, housing, health, technology, early childhood) and have followed the principle of equality for distribution, noting that the greatest inequality is in the access of minors to a sanitation system, and information and communication technologies, and these are the weakest and the most impact. Ecuador seeks to increase proportionately more opportunities and expand access for disadvantaged groups , that is, reduce the role of exogenous circumstances - location , gender , race, income - that influence the future development thereof. But in most cases the exogenous circumstances still matter, and have a substantive role in preventing many children have access to opportunities. However the problem is emphasized by mentioning more in rural areas, being remote and disadvantaged areas in respect to government attention, hence the importance of the subject of study, as there is little information that makes the calculation of the Human Opportunity Index (HOI) and identify the most disadvantaged groups in rural areas, so that is difficult to design integrated economic and social policies with a focus on equity . In this way it was possible to lift a baseline of social indicators, with data obtained by the field phase, also was calculated and analyzed access to the areas of health, education, nutrition, early childhood and basic housing, thereby providing timely and current socio-economic indicators and the Human Opportunity Index with a clear idea of the level of inequality in the 8 rural area of the canton of study. The research consists of 11 sections, the topic (chapter) is the chapter that explains the general purpose of the present investigation is the chapter b. which is the summary, which performs a deep and accurate summary of the research process, giving ease of understanding for the reader. The Introduction is the third section (Chapter c), which explains a preview of the structure, importance and what will be done in the investigation. Chapter d. (Review of Literature), presents the background and theoretical foundations of the project. Materials and Methods (Chapter e) , explains the different methods and scientific , inductive, deductive , and techniques - survey, literature and instruments, which allowed obtaining the information required to achieve social indicators calculated in turn to ensure the reliability of results, the survey was conducted among 200 households , a result that was obtained after making the appropriate statistical procedure , after this section took effect the results (chapter f) with its respective table and interpretation of relevant localized variables . The most important section of this paper is the discussion (chapter g) , has a profound and efficient analysis of baseline indicators obtained , finally proceeded to calculate the HOI ( Human Opportunity Index ) of basic services for children rural area of Canton Loja. Chapter h are the conclusions, here embodies the most important results. Once you have concluded proceed to perform the respective Recommendations (Chapter I), suggesting possible solutions to improve the distribution of the various basic opportunities, in conjunction with relevant parish governments , municipalities and government of each zone governments . To complement the above is important to mention the bibliography, which is the section which mentions the bibliography, books, etc. , that were used to support this research . Finally are the Annexes, which generally provide all the details of the methodology: sources, fieldwork clarification, explanation of measurement techniques, etc., Which in turn could disrupt the reading length of the main text.

• Autor principal: Aguinsaca García, Carmen Elizabeth (author)
• Altres autors: Jara Freire, Lissette Estefanía (author)
• Format: bachelorThesis
• Idioma: spa
• Publicat: 2016
• Matèries: economía; indicadores sociales; loja area rural; desigualdad de oportunidades
• Accés en línia: http://dspace.unl.edu.ec/jspui/handle/123456789/12925