Efecto de la globalización sobre la desigualdad, evidencia empírica para 104 países agrupados por su nivel de ingreso, período 1995-2018.
Inequality is a problem that has arisen over time, generating high economic and social costs. The concentration of income is evident worldwide; Thus, 26 people have the same amount of money as the 3.8 billion poorest people. Likewise, there are countries or regions that have greater advantages over...
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| Format: | bachelorThesis |
| Jezik: | spa |
| Izdano: |
2021
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| Online dostop: | https://dspace.unl.edu.ec/jspui/handle/123456789/24367 |
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Označite | Izvleček: | Inequality is a problem that has arisen over time, generating high economic and social costs. The concentration of income is evident worldwide; Thus, 26 people have the same amount of money as the 3.8 billion poorest people. Likewise, there are countries or regions that have greater advantages over others, creating inequality gaps. In this sense, this research has focused on evaluating the nexus between globalization and inequality in 104 countries classified by their income level through an econometric study during 1995-2018. For a broader analysis, control variables were included that symbolized the economic, demographic, institutional and fiscal effect. Your data was collected from KOF (2020); World Bank (2020); Heritaje (2020) and SWIID (2020). Panel data econometric techniques were used, such as the GLS model that allowed correcting autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity, as well as quantile regressions to identify the impact on the population distribution. The result was a negative relationship between these variables at all income levels, although in the MHIC and MLIC, in the long term. Public spending and urbanization reduced inequality in significant amounts for certain groups of countries, while government integrity and fiscal burden showed minimal positive effects. Likewise, it was identified that, at a global level and, in the LICs, globalization reduced inequality in all deciles. In the rest of the groups of countries, in the face of changes in the other variables, positive and negative impacts were generated, where the first and last deciles were the most sensitive. Given this, it is suggested that policies should focus on promoting greater financial development, incorporation of innovation and trade liberalization that contribute to the competitiveness of the countries and improve the living conditions of the population. |
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