Evaluación química y biológica de la fertilidad del suelo en los sistemas agroforestales con café (Coffea arábiga L.) en la hacienda el Cristal, sector Pueblo Nuevo del cantón Loja

In the Pueblo Nuevo sector of the Malacatos parish in the Loja canton, a problem has been observed over time related to the restitution and excessive application of fertilizers without adequate technical criteria. The low production of coffee at a national level is one of the problems of the coffee sector, attributed to causes such as; reduction of cultivated areas, prevalence of old coffee plantations, another important problem is the acidity of the soil that has led to the progressive deterioration of soil fertility, which in turn has resulted in a decrease in agricultural yields, affecting the economy of farmers in the area. The present research aimed to carry out a biological and chemical evaluation of the availability of nutrients in the soil. This was done with the purpose of comparing the results obtained using the Modified Olsen's extractive solution, which is the method officially used in the country by the Soil Laboratory Network of Ecuador. In order to develop a fertilization plan adapted to a specific agroforestry system dedicated to coffee cultivation, the evaluation of the physical conditions of the soil revealed that it is in the poor category. It was observed that the soil pH is acidic (4.3) and the cation exchange capacity is low, which causes the soil to block and not absorb any nutrients, so the plant showed symptoms of nutrient deficiency, such as limited growth, yellowish spots, weak stems, small leaves and few absorbent hairs. Furthermore, the contents of several nutrients were analyzed, including Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Sulfur (S), Magnesium (Mg), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn) and Boron (B). When comparing the results of the biological evaluation and those of the chemical analysis, it became evident that N, P, S, Zn, Mg, K and B showed no correspondence between the weight of dry matter in the biological evaluation and the concentration of available nutrients in the chemical analysis. Other results of the study, deficiencies in several nutritional elements were identified, namely: N, P, S, Zn, Mg, K and B. To address these deficiencies, restitution of these elements with Dolomite Lime, Kieserite, Yararafos, ZnSO4 and Borax was proposed.

• Glavni autor: Aguirre Caraguay, Paola Alexandra (author)
• Format: bachelorThesis
• Jezik: spa
• Izdano: 2024
• Teme: EVALUACIÓN BIOLÓGICA; PLAN DE FERTILIZACIÓN; SISTEMAS AGROFORESTALES; CULTIVO DE CAFÉ
• Online pristup: https://dspace.unl.edu.ec/jspui/handle/123456789/28803