Propuesta de mejoramiento en el manejo del cultivo de café en el barrio Cango Viejo parroquia Mercadillo Cantón Puyango

The purpose of this research work is to contribute to the improvement of cultural practices carried out in the cultivation of coffee, with alternatives that allow the farmer to cope the main problems of crop management; To carry out the project, the following objectives were met: to conduct a situational diagnosis of coffee production in the Cango Viejo neighborhood, to design a practical coffee management guide, and socialize the practical guide to the management of coffee cultivation. For its development, methods and techniques were used to collect and interpret the data; It highlights the statistical method and among the techniques used are appreciated survey, direct observation and bibliographic consultation, which allowed to collect clear and concise information and then organize and order at work. The variables used for the work were: number of farms, area not renewed per farm, area renewed per farm, coffee varieties, number of plants per hectare, age of the plantation, annual production per hectare per farm, management system. The results indicate the following: in the neighborhood under study a total of 14 coffee producers were found, which is a reliable figure to take into account because the neighborhood is small and you can have real data, in addition to 15% of the surveyed producers are cultivating the Caturra Rojo-San Salvador varieties, another 7% keep the Caturra Rojo-Típica-San Salvador varieties, 14% Caturra Rojo-Caturra Amarillo, while another 14% maintain the Borbón-Sarchimor varieties, a 7% the Borbón-Caturra Rojo varieties, another 7% corresponds to the San Salvador-Sarchimor varieties, 22% Sarchimor-Típica-Típica Mejorado and finally 14% has only the Sarchimor variety. Likewise, there are few farms that have been renovated, most of them have old coffee plantations and without the introduction of young plants, 23% of producers have a density of 1000 to 2000 plants / ha, 7% grow in a range of 2000 to 3000 plants / ha, the majority is represented by 61% with 3000 to 4000 plants / ha, however, between the range of 4000 and more plants / ha, there was a 9% of producers that grow this number of plants. The age of the plantations varies a lot due to the new sowings and replanting that are made in each farm; even so we have as a result that 28% have a plantation of 0 to 5 years, 36% of 5 to 10 years of age and another 36% of plants an age of 10 years and up; old coffee plantations are predominant either due to several factors such as lack of interest in investing in new vegetative material, certified seed with high costs, lack of interest in the crop, producing the right without investing in anything among other factors or excuses by producers. Annual production per hectare is very low due to several factors that directly affect production such as; old coffee plantations and not having crop management plans. Results were obtained that indicate the following percentages: from 0 to 1 qq / ha to 21%, from 1 to 3 qq / ha to 29%, from 3 to 5 qq / ha to 43% and from 5 to 10 qq / ha to only 7 % of producers’ surveyed claim to produce this amount of coffee per year. So it is concluded that it should focus on improving varieties that are resistant to the attack of pests and diseases and higher production per hectare. That in turn these are handled in the technical way so that they can be sufficiently productive according to the characteristics of the variety, likewise the results in their yield per ha will be reflected.

• المؤلف الرئيسي: Arias Villavicencio, Luis David (author)
• التنسيق: bachelorThesis
• اللغة: spa
• منشور في: 2018
• الموضوعات: ADMINISTRACIÓN Y PRODUCCIÓN AGROPECUARIA; CAFÉ; AGROTECNIA; MEJORAMIENTO DE CULTIVOS; MANEJO DE CULTIVOS
• الوصول للمادة أونلاين: http://dspace.unl.edu.ec/jspui/handle/123456789/20854