Aprovechamiento de relaves con fines de agregados en la fabricación de adoquines a partir de la composición mineralógica en la planta de beneficio Alto Vizcaya.

The purpose of this postgraduate research project is to evaluate the feasibility using mining tailings from the Alto Vizcaya beneficiation plant in a sustainable way, by assessing their mineralogical condition and analyzing their compression resistance and the incidence on the water factor when integrating 30% of tailings into the mixtures which make up the concrete paving stones. To this end, a systematic sampling was established, obtaining 9 representative samples of tailings from different sites and depths not less than 70cm. The mineralogical analysis of the tailings was performed using; X-ray fluorescence methods for major elements (> 1%) of silicon, aluminum, sulfur, iron, calcium, potassium; optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) for trace elements (≤0,1%) such as magnesium, copper, mercury, silver, arsenic; and, X-ray diffraction to semiquantify quartz, pyrite, chlorite, titanomagnetite, biotite. Additionally, the qualitative-quantitative level of tailings contamination was also evaluated by coupling the geoaccumulation index, resulting in a range from non-contaminated to moderately and heavily contaminated. Handmade paving stones were manufactured on a small scale, replacing 30% of sand with tailings, and then compression tests and a leaching test were carried out as primary research actions. By analyzing the incidence on the water factor through the leaching test for 14 days using the 1315 method provided by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and comparing it with water samples obtained from tailing washing for 12 hours, it was determined that the ions released, especially those with greater environmental control, were: aluminum (Al) (1,29mg/l), arsenic (As) (˂0,001mg/l), cyanide (CN-) (0,005mg/l), copper (Cu) (˂0,05mg/l), iron (Fe) (˂0,10mg/l), manganese (Mn) (˂0,11mg/l), mercury (Hg) (˂0,001mg/l), silver (Ag) (0,09mg/l), potential hydrogen (PH) (11,92), total solids (972mg/l), total suspended solids (30mg/l), sulfates (SO4-2) (47,61 mg/l) and sulfides (S-2) (3,00µg/l). Most do not exceed the maximum permissible limits for discharge into fresh water bodies established by Ministerial Agreement 097-A, such as; aluminum (Al) (5,00 mg/l), arsenic (As) (0,10 mg/l), cyanide (CN-) (0,10 mg/l), copper (Cu) (1,00mg/l), iron (Fe) (10mg/l), manganese (Mn) (2,00mg/l), mercury (Hg) (0,005mg/l), silver (Ag) (0,1mg/l), potential hydrogen (PH) (6 to 9), total solids (1600mg/l), total suspended solids (130mg/l), sulfates (SO4-2) (1000mg/l) and sulfides (S-2) (0,5mg/l). On the other hand, it was revealed that the dosage used in the production of paving stones with 30% tailings alters the PH of the water, making it alkaline. When applying the INEN 1488 standard, the characteristic compression strengths of the normal paving stones (without tailings) were determined to be 31,15MPa, while for the paving stones with 30% tailings, it was 30,56 MPa, with a reduction of 0,59 MPa (1,89%), determining that the mineralogical composition does not improve the strength of the paving stone after 28 days of hardening. However, as they are built in an artisanal manner, they comply with the INEN 1488 standard regarding use for pedestrian traffic as well as for parking lots and residential streets. The decrease in compressive strength is mainly attributed to the very fine grain size of the tailings, similar to a silt-clay soil (A – 4 to – 7) according to the AASHTO, since the percentage of passing proportions is 63,04% silt and 22,26% within a clay fraction. Keywords: mine tailings, mineralogical composition, concrete pavers, leaching test.

• Príomhchruthaitheoir: Morocho Piedra, Diego Esteban (author)
• Formáid: masterThesis
• Teanga: spa
• Foilsithe / Cruthaithe: 2023
• Ábhair: <RELAVES MINEROS>< COMPOSICIÓN MINERALÓGICA> < ADOQUINES DE HORMIGÓN>< PRUEBA DE LIXIVIACIÓN>
• Rochtain ar líne: https://dspace.unl.edu.ec/jspui/handle/123456789/26937