Caracterización de aislados de Trichoderma spp. procedentes del fitobioma en la provincia de Loja y su antagonismo frente a microorganismos fitopatógenos
The main challenge of agriculture is to produce, to satisfy the world's population, with the efficient use of resources. However, agrochemicals are commonly used excessively and inadequately to control pathogens, which generates resistance and changes in microbial diversity. To mitigate the con...
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| Format: | bachelorThesis |
| Language: | spa |
| Published: |
2024
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://dspace.unl.edu.ec/jspui/handle/123456789/29463 |
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Add Tag | Summary: | The main challenge of agriculture is to produce, to satisfy the world's population, with the efficient use of resources. However, agrochemicals are commonly used excessively and inadequately to control pathogens, which generates resistance and changes in microbial diversity. To mitigate the consequences, bio-controllers based on Trichoderma can be implemented. However, little has been done in Ecuador to introduce these techniques. For this reason, the aim of the present study is to identify it, to know its morphology and behavior as an antagonist of Fusarium spp., Colletotrichum spp. and Alternaria spp. and, in this way, to offer growers an environmentally friendly alternative for the control of phytopathogens. Soil samples were collected from organic farms at a depth of 10 cm and taken to the Plant Health Laboratory of the National University of Loja for analysis. The technique of serial dilutions was used, these dilutions were sown in PDA medium and incubated at a temperature of 25°C. The samples that presented characteristics of Trichoderma were purified and replicated for cultural (appearance, surface, color) and morphological (TCR, CFU, size of conidia) characterization. Additionally, antagonism tests were carried out by means of dual cultures in the Petri dish where the four isolates of Trichoderma were considered against the three phytopathogens. As results, 4 isolates of Trichoderma were obtained that presented characteristics typical of the fungus, with a rapid radial growth rate of 1.25 mm/day, a size of 3.92 (length) x 2.61 mm (width) and 9.26 x 107 conidia/ml. Isolate C2M2 controlled Fusarium spp. by 82.33%, Z1L1 stood out with 88.91% against Colletotrichum spp. and C1M2 with Alternaria spp. by 76.84%. |
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