Efectos de la deforestación e incendios forestales en las áreas de distribución de especies forestales del bosque seco ecuatoriano

Dry forests are an ecosystem that has a high degree of endemism and that provides ecosystem services to people; they are threatened by anthropogenic actions such as deforestation, fires and constant erosion of biodiversity. Under this context, the present research aims to generate scientific information on the areas of suitability of conditional use species of dry forest affected by deforestation and forest fires. For this purpose, the suitability areas of six species of ecological and economic importance (Myroxylon peruiferum Lf , Piscidia carthagenensis Jacq, Vitex gigantea Kunth, Ziziphus thyrsiflora Benth, Bursera graveolens (Kunth) Triana y Planch and Guazuma ulmifolia Lam) were determined. By downloading the presence records from the GBIF and BNDB web portals, as well as botanical specimens from the “Reinaldo Espinoza Herbarium of the Universidad Nacional de Loja”, in addition to downloading the climatic variables from WorldClim. Subsequently, a filtering of the presence points without coordinates, repeated coordinates, and null values with altitudinal anomalies and showing climatic heterogeneity was carried out, to then generate, select and assemble the best models. This entire process was carried out in the RStudio software. The models were validated by botanical specialists from the National University of Loja. To determine the deforested area, vegetation cover information was obtained from the MAATE, the native forests were extracted and then an intersection was made with the adaptation areas. Likewise, forest fires were obtained from NASA where an intersection of active fires and adaptation areas was made. Finally, it was found that Vitex gigantea presented the largest area of suitability with 4,022,207.3 ha, followed by Myroxylon peruiferum with 3,200,330 ha. Regarding deforestation in the period 1990-2020, Bursera graveolens presented the largest deforested area with 495,405 ha and a percentage of forest loss of 28.01%, followed by Vitex gigantea with 412,006 ha and a percentage of forest loss of 45.36%. Obtaining active fires during the period 2001-2023, it was found that Myroxylon peruiferum presented the highest FA, being the most affected with 6,895 and a density of 0.1247 FA/km 2, followed by Vitex gigantea with 6,323 FA and with a density of 0.1229 FA/km 2

• Hovedforfatter: Loján Diaz, Ronny Santiago (author)
• Format: bachelorThesis
• Sprog: spa
• Udgivet: 2024
• Fag: BOSQUE SECO; DEFORESTACION; INCENDIOS FORESTALES; NICHO ECOLOGICO
• Online adgang: https://dspace.unl.edu.ec/jspui/handle/123456789/30397