Métodos anticonceptivos y su influencia en el microbioma vaginal en pacientes en edad fértil. Revisión Sistemática

The vaginal microbiome comprises a dynamic microecosystem that changes throughout a woman's life; however, it can be affected by various external factors such as the use of contraceptive methods. According to several studies that have investigated this relationship, they establish that, during their use, the vaginal microbiota can be altered, increasing the probability of producing more dysbiotic states and leaving users much more exposed to vaginal infections. The aim of this research was to analyze the impact of contraceptive methods on the vaginal microbiome, identifying which of them can alter it. In addition, the composition of the vaginal microbiota was investigated as a function of the contraceptive method used. For this purpose, a systematic review was carried out including 26 studies such as: cohort, cross- sectional, randomized controlled, casecontrolled, case-controlled and quasi-experimental studies obtained from the following databases: Pubmed, Scielo and Lilacs. All studies were published in English between the years 2013-2024, and were evaluated with the JBI tool, evidencing a low risk of bias. Those methods with the greatest impact on the vaginal microbiome were identified, with DMPA being the main one, while to a lesser extent IUD- CU, IUS-LNG and Net. On the contrary, contraceptives that produce minimal changes in the vaginal microbiome include OCPs, AV-DP, OCPs and NOCs. Regarding the composition of the vaginal microbiota by contraceptive use, Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae and Sneathia spp are present in higher proportions in users of IUD-CU, DMPA, LNG-IUS, and CCVR. While a vaginal microbiome dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus has been more commonly identified in OCP and AV-DP users. In contrast, Lactobacillus iners, is prevalent in various hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptive methods

• Huvudupphovsman: Ramírez Saraguro, Jhoel Alexander (author)
• Materialtyp: bachelorThesis
• Språk: spa
• Publicerad: 2025
• Ämnen: LABORATORIO CLÍNICO; ANTICONCEPCIÓN; LACTOBACILLUS; FERTILIDAD
• Länkar: https://dspace.unl.edu.ec/jspui/handle/123456789/31978