Control biológico del nematodo agallador de las raíces de la naranjilla Meloidogyne spp mediante aislamientos nativos de hongos nematófagos

Naranjilla cultivation is of great economic importance for the eastern region of our country. The fruit is consumed fresh and in the industry is used as raw material for the production of juices, ice cream and other products. The cultivation is affected by a host of pests that intervene in the physiological processes of the plant causing partial or total loss of the crops. One of the most common problems is the formation of galls on the root caused by the nematode Meloidogyne javanica, with incidences of 79% and losses of up to 50% of production. This is a species that also affects other crops of National and World importance (Garcia and Obando, 2004; Sañudo et al 2003, Gelpud et al 2010: Betancourth et al 2011). This problem has so far been controlled by the use of synthesised nematicides highly toxic to soil, water and air. Due to this situation, new environmentally friendly control alternatives have now emerged, one of them being biological control. This study evaluated the efficiency of 30 native fungi nematophagous isolates against Meloidogyne javanica, in in vitro conditions, out of which the top 10 were chosen for effectiveness trials under greenhouse conditions. The in vitro evaluations showed parasitism on eggs from 4.8% to 58.9% and from 6% to 52.4% on J2 larvae. In the greenhouse, statistically significant differences between the treatments for all the variables analysed were observed. The morphological characterization of females, males and J2 led to the conclusion that Meloidogyne javanica is the predominant species in the cultivation of naranjilla, the morphological characterization of fungal isolates in the micro cultures as well as the microscopic characterization of the vegetative and reproductive structures of the isolates, resulted in the taxonomic identification of the species Purpureocillium, Pochonia, Trichoderma and Fusarium. The tests led to the conclusion that the best insulation for their levels of effectiveness in the two phases of research were Pch001V, YEB (J2) T, P002P and P002P, which in turn led to the recommendation of its use as alternative nematode management in conditions similar to those evaluated. Keywords: Biological Control, Meloidogyne javanica, native fungi nematophagous, Naranjilla.

• Glavni avtor: Duarte Paucar, Milton Augusto (author)
• Format: bachelorThesis
• Jezik: spa
• Izdano: 2015
• Teme: NEMATODOS; CONTROL BIOLÓGICO; NARANJILLA; MELOIDOGYNE SPP; HONGOS NEMATÓFAGOS
• Online dostop: http://dspace.unl.edu.ec/jspui/handle/123456789/12330