Selección de aislados nativos de Purpureocillium spp y materiales orgánicos en el control del nematodo Meloidologyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood en Tomate.

The tomato crop is highly susceptible to a complex of pests and diseases of economic importance worldwide. One of the main problems is root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, with damages that reach up to 85% worldwide (Khan and Pariari, 2013) and, in Ecuador there have been losses of up to 47% (Revelo, 2009; Solano, 2014), difficult to control due to its endoparasitic mechanisms in the root systems and the high reproduction rates, for which very toxic nematicides have been used for production, human health and the environment (Agrios, 2002). For the reasons indicated, the purpose of this research was to evaluate two environmentally friendly management alternatives: native biological fungal control agents and plant materials with biodeinfestant action against phytoparasitic nematodes, resources available in the tomato producing areas themselves in the province of Loja. The research was carried out in two phases, in vitro in the Laboratory of Plant Health and in the greenhouse in the Agricultural Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources. The fungal materials were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo bioassays. Under in vitro conditions, the isolation and parasitic evaluation of 9 nematophagous isolates of the fungus Purpureocillium spp against Meloidogyne incognita were carried out in 3 conidial concentrations of 107, 108, 109, which showed parasitism in eggs of 80 to 94%, and in larvae J2 of 15.3%. Under greenhouse conditions, the most effective parasitic isolates were evaluated in plants grown in pots, co-inoculated with M. incognita and fungal spores of the isolates, which affected the reduction of AI to 1.5 (Bridge and Page, 1980), as well as in the reduction of populations in roots and soil. In the in vitro and greenhouse bioassays, Completely Randomized Designs and 5% Tukey tests were used. The vegetal materials evaluated for their biodeinfestant action against Meloidogyne incognita, were forage cabbage (B. oleracea L), jasmine or paradise (M. azederach L), castor bean (R. communis L), ayarrosas (T. erecta L), paico ( C. ambrosioides L.), incorporated in fresh state before sowing in 1.5%, 3% and 5% proportions weight / weight per pot, in a 1: 1: 1 substrate (soil: sand: organic matter) content in polyethylene pots of 3 kg (w / w). The treatments showed significant differences between them and with respect to the control, both in the agronomic variables of the plant and in the variables of the nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Key words: Meloidogyne incognita, biological control, Purpureocillium spp, biodeinfestant plant materials

• প্রধান লেখক: Vinces Vidal, Edita Lucia (author)
• বিন্যাস: bachelorThesis
• ভাষা: spa
• প্রকাশিত: 2019
• বিষয়গুলি: TOMATE; CONTROL BIOLÓGICO; MATERIA ORGÁNICA
• অনলাইন ব্যবহার করুন: http://dspace.unl.edu.ec/jspui/handle/123456789/21660