Evaluación de riesgo por deslizamiento en los sectores de Gunudel–Gulagpamba pertenecientes a la parroquia y cantón Saraguro, provincia de Loja.

The present research work is to develop a scientific methodology base to understand the facts, explain the causes, predict tendencies, and determine the spatial and temporary conduct of risks caused by landslides at Gunudel-Gulagpamba area in Saraguro parish-canton, Loja province. To the development of the research, there were carry out field and office work through the application of topographical, geologic, geomorphologic, current soil use and geotechnical approaches (SEV and SPT) with the purpose of integrate and process technical information into appropriate software programs (ArcGIS 10.2 and AutoCAD 2013) to exemplify the current situation of the investigated area. The gathered information consists on maps and primary variables used to the generation of posterior maps as the susceptibility, threatens, vulnerability and finally, the risks caused by landslides. The susceptibility map to landslides was carried out through the multi-criteria method that integrates the primary maps hierarchically and assigns a relative and appropriate weight for them. For the determination of the weights given to the approaches, it was used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) that was developed by Saaty in 1990 which is based on the development of priorities; those that have greatest incidence in the development of the landslides that will have greater weight. The primary maps and their weights ordered hierarchically are: the geomorphology (0.470), the geology (0.262), the slopes (0.208) and the current use of ground (0.036) giving as a result 3 types of susceptibility: lower with 24.11%, media with 54.22% and the high susceptibility with 21.67% of analyzed surface. To obtain the landslides threating map; it is added to the susceptibility map the detonating event (precipitations) that considered 50 years data and with a return period of 100 years. The obtained threating map integrates 3 types: low threat with 4.56%, low threat with 73.28% and the high threat with 22.16% of the area. To obtain the physical vulnerability map it was gathered information of the field through records with the purpose of characterizing the constructions and the roads structurally, as well as the surrounding mean of them. Subsequently, it was carried out the evaluation of the completeness through the use of 11 variables; the completeness index was calculated which should be bigger than 90% to continue with the next phase and finally the vulnerability evaluation that considered 7 variables. This procedure was valid just for the constructions and the roads; it was carried out the evaluation of the vulnerability directly considering 4 variables. Obtained the physical vulnerability of the constructions and the road net, it was necessary to process them and obtain the final map for which buffers of 25 m, each element of risk were created and their perimeters were united. Tin that way the vulnerability map was obtained to final landslides that integrate 2 types: average vulnerability with 12.22% and the high vulnerability with 87.78% of the analyzed surface. Multiplying threats and vulnerability maps, the map of risk by landslides that integrates 3 types is obtained: low risk with 0.90%, average risk with 10.06% and high risk with 89.03% of the total area studied. All variables obtained and added to the presence of characterized landslide; density and population distribution; The determined physical mechanical characteristics with SEV (phreatic level depth) and STP (permissible load); allowed technically and integrally modeling the current conditions of the study area and thus determine the areas with the minimum risk conducive to civil constructions under the compliance with norms and preventive geological criteria that raise the security level of the population and its goods.

• Hlavní autor: Sarango Chalán, Jorge Luis (author)
• Médium: bachelorThesis
• Jazyk: spa
• Vydáno: 2016
• Témata: <EVALUACIÓN DE RIESGOS POR DESLIZAMIENTOS><SECTORES GUNUDEL-GULAGPAMBA><CANTÓN SARAGURO>; <ESTUDIO GEOLÓGICO><DESLIZAMIENTOS>
• On-line přístup: http://dspace.unl.edu.ec/jspui/handle/123456789/17318