Aplicación de tres niveles de fertilización y su influencia en las condiciones químicas del suelo y en el crecimiento vegetativo de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) CLON CCN-51 en el Padmi, Zamora Chinchipe
Ecuador is one of the largest producers of cocoa, however, the yield is low compared to other Latin American countries, being a challenge and a necessity to improve its production through the efficient application of sequential nutritional requirements of the crop during its development. The objecti...
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| Natura: | bachelorThesis |
| Lingua: | spa |
| Pubblicazione: |
2022
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| Accesso online: | https://dspace.unl.edu.ec/jspui/handle/123456789/24711 |
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Aggiungi Tag | Riassunto: | Ecuador is one of the largest producers of cocoa, however, the yield is low compared to other Latin American countries, being a challenge and a necessity to improve its production through the efficient application of sequential nutritional requirements of the crop during its development. The objective of this research was to analyze the response of different fertilization levels on soil chemical conditions and vegetative growth of cocoa clone CCN-51. The study was carried out at the Experimental Station "El Padmi" of the National University of Loja, using 20-month-old plants, with a planting density of 3.5 m x 4 m, under a completely randomized design, with three fertilization treatments (0, 100 and 200 % of the needs required by the crop) and four replications. The morphological variables shoot height and length were measured every 20 days, trunk cross-sectional area (ASTT) was evaluated at the beginning and end of the experiment, length and number of metameres, crown diameter, leaf area (FA) and leaf area index (LAI) were evaluated at the end of the trial, while physiological variables such as chlorophyll concentration, stomatal density and leaf structure were measured at the end of the field trial. Soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured every 20 days, as well as crop phenology. The results suggest that the application of 200% fertilization decreases pH and accumulates salts in the soil, which increases EC; likewise, chlorophyll concentration reached the highest levels in the 100% fertilization treatment; however, leaf lamina thickness presented the highest values in the control treatment. The other variables did not show significant statistical differences between treatments. These results show that fertilization under the conditions of this experiment does not directly affect morphological variables of the plant; however, it decreases soil pH and raises EC, causing acidification, which could hinder the absorption of certain elements, and also provides nutrients necessary for the onset of the reproductive phase and shortening of the vegetative phase. Key words: Theobroma cacao L, growth, development, nutrition, fertilization. |
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