Diagnóstico de la producción del maní (Arachis hipogea L.) y maiz (Zea mays L.) en la parroquia Casanga, cantón Paltas; y, elaboración de una propuesta alternativa de producción para estos cultivos

Parish Casanga is one of the most productive areas of the canton Paltas, specializing mainly in crops of peanuts and corn, which are the source of livelihood of the families living in this area, there is little information about how they develop the productive activities of these crops. For this reason this research called: "DIAGNOSIS OF PRODUCTION OF PEANUT (Arachis hypogeal L.) and corn (Zea mays) IN THE Casanga PARISH, CANTON PALTAS; AND DESIGN OF PROPOSED PRODUCTION IN THESE CROPS "was conducted, in order to strengthen agricultural production in this parish. Note that for the development of this work was supported by the autonomous government decentralized Casanga Parish. For the development of this work first we proceeded to collect field information about the production systems of these crops; through a direct interview to producers; and then continue with the tabulation of the data and the corresponding analysis and interpretation of data. By analyzing this information to the main results; It was evident that the 75.38 % of farmers, land preparation made using agricultural machinery; 15.38 % do minimum tillage and mixed farming makes 9.23 % since a year ago with tractor plowing with oxen and one year. With regard to the methods used for weed control; 32.30 % use the manual and chemical means; 52.30 % use the manual method and 15.38 % using the chemical method With regard to fertilizing crops; in peanuts 5.26 % is done with organic fertilizer; 19.26 % say it does not perform any type of fertilization; the 75.43 % fertilization performed using the chemical method. In corn 2.02 % makes the mixed fertilization; 4.05 % makes fertilization with organic fertilizer; the 41.15 % do not perform any type of fertilization and fertilization takes 58.85 % using the chemical method. The most common pests that occur in peanuts are the 43.48 % fall armyworm (Stegasta bosquella Chambers), the 25.95 % the cutzo (Phyllophaga sp), the 16.44 % spider mites (Tetranychus spp) , the 8.99 % the cuiquilla (Agrotis sp) 0.53 % green worm (Anticarsia gemmatais hubn) and the ant (High cephalotes) 3.41 % the Tierrero worm (Feltia spp) is presented and 1.06 % wild animals such as parakeets (Brotogeris pyrrhoptera) .The disease occurs most frequently reported are the Boat (Arichidicola cercospora) with 33.84 %, sheath rot (Rhizoctonia solani) with 27, 69 % peanut twist (Sphaceloma arachidis) with 18.46 %, the ice (Peronosclerospora sorghi) with 12.30 %; rust (Puccinia arachidis Speg) with 1.53 % and rusiera (Sclerotinia minor ) to 1.53 %. In corn pests that occur more they are: fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) with 52.39 %; the choclero worm (Heliothis zea) with 19.16 %; the cutzo (Phyllophaga spp) with 19.25 %; moth (Ephestia kuehniella) with 0.90 % and wild animals like the squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) and thrush (Molathrus bonariensis) with 2.48 % .The diseases that occur in corn are ice (Peronosclerospora sorghi ) with 44.61 %; the boat (Physoderma maydis) with 24.61 % ear rot (Stenocarpella maydis) with 2.29 %; root rot (Rhizoctonia batoticula) with 2.29 % and 26.19 % say that no diseases are present. With regard to products used for pest control; in peanuts 12.5 % use the organic method; 97.5 % use the chemical method. In maize 3 % use the organic method; 94 % use the chemical method and 3 % use the mixed method. As it regards products used for disease control in peanuts 4.34 % uses organic method; the 95.66 % use the chemical method. At 5.26 % corn uses organic method; 2.63 % use the mixed method and 92.11 % using the chemical method. Then with the information obtained, we proceeded to develop an alternative proposal for these crops; with emphasis on agro-ecological agriculture aimed at strengthening food security and sovereignty. In complement to the proposal in question; It was designed and executed a demonstration garden agroecological, as the setting for the implementation of techniques contained in the proposal. For the socialization of the results conducted a field day in which he invited the peanut and corn producers Parish Casanga, to participate in the socialization of this work; also a booklet about the new production proposal was developed and given to producers as well as the autonomous government decentralized Casanga Parish. Among the most significant conclusions that we can mention of this research; we have in the 75.43 % peanuts made chemical fertilizers. In the case of corn, 41.15 % does no fertilization; the majority (58.85 %) prefer chemical fertilizers. In peanuts pest is most prevalent armyworm (Stegasta bosquella Chambers) and disease, the Boat (Speg arachidis Puccinia); in maize, the plague that occurs most frequently is the armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and Ice disease is officially known as powdery mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi). For control, prefer the chemical method, only a minority uses organic and mixed method. All producers support the idea of diversifying the farm, to have more feeding variada.Por this, the 51.78 % of farmers say they have of 3-6 products on their farms, 24.96 % having 6 or more agricultural products. But most producers say they perform only rotation between peanut and corn.

• المؤلف الرئيسي: Motoche Granda, Xavier Tarquino (author)
• التنسيق: bachelorThesis
• اللغة: spa
• منشور في: 2015
• الموضوعات: MANI; ARACHIS HIPOGEA L.; MAIZ; ZEA MAYS L.
• الوصول للمادة أونلاين: http://dspace.unl.edu.ec/jspui/handle/123456789/11158