Composición florística y estructura de la vegetación natural del Centro Binacional de Formación Técnica Zapotepamba, cantón Paltas, provincia de Loja

The dry forests of southern Ecuador are fragile ecosystems that have been seized and destroyed, because they are in relatively populated areas and maintain economic importance for the rural population, providing timber and non-timber for their livelihoods. In addition, activities such as livestock and agriculture that exert great pressure on these ecosystems have resulted in degraded and eroded soils. It is this reality that threatens the integrity of the dry forests of the province of Loja, so keep the vegetation cover of these natural ecosystems has become an urgent need, as these are considered as "Biosphere Reserve" because they have high levels of endemism, allowing considered as a top regional priority for conservation. That is why we are proposing to carry out an investigation of the floristic composition and structure of the natutal vegetation of the Binational Center for Technical Training Zapotepamba, allowing know the growth of forest species and so rationally manage forest resources study site. This research was carried out from April to July 2015. In the study site six temporary transects of 20 m x 50 m (1 000 m2) spaced at a distance of 100 m between trasecto it was installed inside each had three subplots were installed in sense diagonal of 5 m x 5 m (25 m2) for the characterization of the shrub layer, within which the number of individuals, the frequency and species richness was considered, for the characterization of the herbaceous layer five subplots of 1m x 1m (1 m2) at equal distances were installed and diagonal direction. In addition, data from all sampled vegetation and each area CBFTZ were used to map land cover, in which six types of vegetation were distinguished: dry natural forest accounts for 69%, the operated dry forest with 7%, the infrastructure of the National University of Loja with 1.5%, municipal infrastructure water reservoir with 1.6%, with 20.7% crops and goats program 0.1 %. The sampled area among the six transects is 6505 m2, in which a total of 283,876 ind/ha, of which 385 are trees, shrubs and 13,158 are 270,333 are herbs. The most representative families of arboreal layer are: MIMOSACEAE, NYCTAGINACEAE, CAESALPINACEAE, MALVACEAE, COCHLOSPERMACEAE in the bush are: ASTERACEAE, EUPHORBIACEAE, MALVACEAE, CACTACEAE, LAMIACEAE; and in the herbaceous: ASTERACEAE, ACANTHACEAE, AMARATHACEAE, BORAGINACEAE and POACEAE. The most representative species for its high value of IVI, abundance and relative frequency were: Acacia macracantha, Handroanthus chrysanthus, Pisonia aculeata, Ceiba trichistandra and mollisima Senna. In addition, the structural parameters were calculated: density, relative density, dominance, relative dominance, frequency and importance value index based on the formulas proposed by Cerón (1993), Aguirre and Aguirre (1999). For forest structure basal area and volume per diameter classes was calculated. For structural profiles it is randomly selected transect, which took into account the outstanding characteristics of vegetation; also the location of the trees in the X and Y, total height, crown diameter and shape of the tree was recorded. Shannon index (arboreal: 2, 33; shrub: Herbaceous 2.55 and 3.15), shows an average wealth of species; while Simpson (Arboreal: 0.15; Bushy 0.14 and Herbaceous: 0.057), showed us a low diversity. These indices show that in the study area, is homogeneous species. And with regard to the structure of the natural forest vegetation dry, it was observed that the first two diametric classes (5-45 cm DAP) has a greater number of individuos.Caracterizando the study area as a dry forest intervened in process recovery, attributing it to show a trend of "J" inverted, this suggests that regeneration is deficient in some way. From the results it can be concluded that the natural dry CBFTZ forest has an average floristic diversity by Shannon index for the three layers: tree, shrub and herbaceous, which proves to be a type of forest slightly heterogeneous in species abundance. While Simpson index shows that the dominance of species is low. And finally it is concluded that the floristic composción the CBFTZ is composed or: 21 species of trees, 22 species of shrubs and 27 species of herbs.

• Auteur principal: Chamba Valarezo, Mishelle Jacqueline (author)
• Format: bachelorThesis
• Langue: spa
• Publié: 2016
• Sujets: HATOS; BOVINOS; EXPLOTACIONES GANADERAS
• Accès en ligne: http://dspace.unl.edu.ec/jspui/handle/123456789/16911