RELACIÓN ENTRE EL GASTO EN I + D Y LA DEGRADACIÓN AMBIENTAL: NUEVA EVIDENCIA A NIVEL GLOBAL Y GRUPOS DE PAÍSES USANDO TÉCNICAS DE COINTEGRACIÓN Y CAUSALIDAD DE DATOS DE PANEL, PERIODO 1996-2016

To achieve sustained economic growth, it is necessary to adopt and reinforce measures, and to promote processes that control and reduce environmental degradation. In this context, the objective of this research is to examine globally and by groups of regions, the relationship between spending on research and development (R & D) and environmental degradation, measured by carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) and the ecological footprint. To achieve this goal, we use data from 85 countries in the world classified in six regions for the period 1996-2016. Through the use of cointegration techniques and causality of panel data, the results of the Pedroni test (1999) show that there is a long-term equilibrium between R & D expenditure per capita with the two environmental degradation measures used, both at the level globally as in all regions. However, the strength of the cointegration vector is not strong in any region and in most countries. Also, through the Westerlund test (2007) we find that there is a short-term equilibrium between the variables at global level and in all regions. Finally, the results of the causality test show that there is bidirectional causality between R & D spending and CO2 emissions, and between R & D spending and the global ecological footprint. In the Middle East and North Africa region, we find a causal one-way relationship that ranges from ecological footprint to R & D spending. Also, there is unidirectional causality from R & D spending to the ecological footprint in the North America, Europe and Central Asia region. While we did not find evidence on causality in any direction in the other regions analyzed. A possible implication of economic policy derived from our research is that public policies should promote increased spending on research and development in all sectors to combat environmental degradation and promote growth and sustainable development.

• 主要作者: JIMÉNEZ ARROBO, NATHALY VICTORIA (author)
• 格式: bachelorThesis
• 语言: spa
• 出版: 2019
• 主题: ECONOMÍA; EMISIONES DE CO2; HUELLA ECOLÓGICA; COINTEGRACIÓN
• 在线阅读: http://dspace.unl.edu.ec/jspui/handle/123456789/22211