Buenas prácticas de manufactura en el ordeño de vacas lecheras, en el sector san miguel, parroquia San Carlos, cantón Zamora, provincia de Zamora Chinchipe.

To talk about the quality of milk, we must begin by defining the concept of quality: It is the fulfillment of all the specifications and technical requirements of BPO to produce quality milk. In our country, the implementation of the BPG and BPO are incipient; the commercialization of the product does not comply with the minimum standards of safety, the product is characterized by a high degree of presence of somatic cells, which is an indicator of lack of udder health; milk contaminated with coliforms, indicative of insufficient hygiene during milking, lack of adequate areas for milking (pastures, stables); incipient surveillance and sanitary control and lack of knowledge on the part of the producer. The present investigation entitled: "GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES IN MILK COWS MILKING, IN THE SAN MIGUEL SECTOR, SAN CARLOS PARISH, ZAMORA CANTON, ZAMORA CHINCHIPE PROVINCE", was carried out with the purpose of establishing the application of GMP, in the milking of dairy cows, in the San Miguel sector. Where there are 8 dairy producers, their average age is 44 years; 50% are men and 50% women; 87% have basic education and 13% have a baccalaureate. 100% of the producers own the land; the producers maintain 274 heads of cattle, determining the existence of 196.25 UBAs, with an average of 0.93 UBAs / ha. 73% of the lands are destined to the production of pastures; 63% maintain piped water; 87% take the water from streams. Regarding food, 87% provide grass and balanced to their animals and 13% supplies: pasture, balanced and mineral salts, the average balance supplied is 0.20 kg / day / animal, represented a year of USD 17251.73; 87% keep their livestock with natural pastures; 100% maintain a pasture management by rotation, the ones destined for pasture cover an area of 154.23 ha and each producer has an average of 19.28 ha. Among the main diseases we have: diarrhea in calves with 50% prevalence; mastitis with 37% and 13% parasitic; 100% of the producers claim to perform and maintain biosecurity. Milking is done by 100% of the farmers once a day, 50% of them in the pastures and another 50% in the house; 100% does not have an exclusive site for the activity; only 50% say to perform hygiene in milking. The reproduction is by natural mounts in 62% of the farms. The average milk production is 4.63 liters / milk / day, per vaccine unit, and the general average of production is 36.50 liters / day, that is 13322.50 liters / year, maintaining a production of 980.90 liters based on this relationship / ha / year. Cheese production is 681.33 pounds / week, with an average per farm of 85.17 pounds, producers do not consume milk, the consumption is of its derivatives; of total weekly production, self-consumption is 8.07% and 91.03% is for sale. The unit cost of production of pound of cheese in the first year is of USD 1.48 and the sale is quoted in the market to $ 1.71 (average), which generates a profit of 13.10%; from the beginning of the year, it will increase 10% each year. The equilibrium point is produced with 16628.87 pounds, that is, when the dairy farms reach a production capacity of 50.91%; The NPV is> 0, being 56190.48, even greater than the investment; The R B / C establishes that for each dollar invested a profit margin of $ 0.73 is obtained; The IRR in the present study is 14.70%, higher than the opportunity rate of 8.50%; the recovery of the investment is estimated at 3 years, 6 months and 3 days; the proposal is NOT SENSITIVE to the variation of the cost of production up to 13.10%, since the result of the sensitivity analysis is 0.99; In addition, the proposal is NOT SENSITIVE to the decrease in income, up to 7.40%, since the result of the sensitivity analysis is 0.99.

• Автор: Guamán Medina, Manuel Antonio (author)
• Формат: bachelorThesis
• Мова: spa
• Опубліковано: 2018
• Предмети: INGENIERÍA EN ADMINISTRACIÓN Y PRODUCCIÓN AGROPECUARIA; BUENAS PRÁCTICAS DE MANUFACTURA
• Онлайн доступ: http://dspace.unl.edu.ec/jspui/handle/123456789/20282