Evaluación de tres diferentes dosis de trichodermas (trichoderma harzianum) para el control de marchitamiento vascular causada por fusarium (fusarium oxysporum) en el cultivo de maíz dulce (zea mays l.) en la hacienda San Francisco de la parroquia Tumbabiro del cantón Urcuquí

National agricultural production is based on traditional farming systems which have several problems in the technical and scientific aspect thereby limiting the right development producer and hence obtaining adequate economic returns, for the production of sweet corn Urcuquí canton area in the province of Imbabura is no stranger to this problem since long time the cropping system as such and farming techniques have not changed and less tech. It is at this point that the alternative use of biological control systems especially root diseases which directly affect production because they cause the death of the plant is presented and it therefore loss of production of this could be obtained, one of these controls is the use of Trichoderma, which are part of the soil microflora but in controlled and properly managed populations provide a wide advantage in the control, treatment and eradication of various fungal diseases, especially those caused by genus Fusarium, which to be a broad-spectrum pathogen difficult to treat and causes severe economic damage to farmers. In summary, the present research showed the following results: The use of Trichoderma as a control agent for vascular wilt caused by Fusarium poses no significance in the normal process of seed germination, with the overall average number of days to germination 8. Use of Trichoderma as a control agent for vascular wilt caused by fusarium, does not represent a significant growth in the average height of the plant throughout its growth cycle, with an average of 1,868 mt between treatments at 98 days after planting, using as a control agent Trichoderma for vascular wilt caused by fusarium poses no significance in the process of flowering plant, the average obtained from 98.08 days, does not represent any significance in the normal process of fruiting plants, being the overall average of 111.25 days , represents high significance 7 according to Tukey's test at 5% in average weights obtained especially in the third treatment (3 g / l), with the overall average of 12.25 kg per repetition and individual averages obtained were 10.68 kg the first treatment, 12.58 kg for the second, 15.76 kg for the third and 10 kg for the control. At 8 days after planting and the first treatment application identifies significance between treatments producing a high rate of forming colonies of Trichoderma in the second treatment, lower in the third treatment and minimum in the first treatment and the control, with the overall average of 3 cfu / g of soil and individual averages of 1 cfu / g in the first treatment, 6 cfu / g in the second, 4 cfu / g in the third and 1 cfu / g in the control, producing a high fusarium forming colonies in the control and first treatment, minimal treatment in the third and zero in the second index, with the overall average of 2.75 cfu / g and individual averages 4 cfu / g for the first treatment, 1 cfu / g for the second, 2 cfu / g for the third and 4 cfu / g for the control, at 40 days after planting and the second treatment application identifies significance between treatments produced a similar rate of colony forming trichoderma between the second and third treatment as well as similarity between control and first treatment, with an average of 1.5074 cfu / g and the individual averages of 1 cfu / g for the first treatment, 2 cfu / g for the second, 2 ufc / g for the third and 1 cfu / g for the control, identify significance between treatments producing high levels of forming colonies in the control and first treatment, at least in the third and very low in the second, with the overall average of 4.5 º cfu / g and individual averages 4 cfu / g for the first treatment, 2 cfu / g for the second 5 cfu / g for the third and 7 cfu / g for the control, at 70 days after planting and the third application of treatments significance identified in the content being Trichoderma colony forming this high in the second treatment, the lower and similar content between the first treatment and control and very low in the third, with the overall average 3 cfu / g and the individual averages of 1 cfu / g for the first treatment, 8 cfu / g for the second, 2 cfu / g for the third and 1 cfu / g for the control, significance identified in the 8 content of colonies forming this null fusarium being treated in the second and the third identical between the first treatment and the control, with an average of 2.50 cfu / g and individual averages 4 cfu / g for the first treatment, 0 cfu / gr for the second, 2 cfu / g for the third and 4 cfu / g for the control, at 120 days after planting and the third application of treatments and root final analysis shows significance between treatments producing high levels of colony forming of Trichoderma in the second treatment, and zero in the third low and very similar rates between the first treatment and the control, with the overall average of 10.33% of Trichoderma on root and individual averages of 9.52% in the first treatment, 27.67% in the second, 0% in the third and 4.55% for the control, shows significance between treatments producing levels of fusarium null forming colonies in the third treatment, minimum in the second and highly significant in the first treatment and the control being the overall content of 35.09% and individual averages were 52.38% for the first treatment, 18.18% for the second, 0.71% for the third and 69.09% in the control. The final analysis shows that the best treatment for the control of infection by the infectious agent Fusarium oxysporum, was the application of Trichoderma harzianum 3g x liter of water, demonstrating high efficiency control. Proper and technical use of biological agents allows producers to reduce costs in the treatment of diseases as the best control mechanism is and will prevent, for it is necessary to know the proper handling of these agents, their behavior at various doses and recommended frequency of application, being able to optimize resources to achieve this will be reflected directly in economic returns.

• Hovedforfatter: Montalvo Almeida, Pablo Santiago (author)
• Format: bachelorThesis
• Sprog: spa
• Udgivet: 2014
• Fag: INGENIERÍA EN ADMINISTRACIÓN Y PRODUCCIÓN AGROPECUARIA; EVALUACIÓN; TRES DIFERENTES DOSIS DE TRICHODERMAS
• Online adgang: http://dspace.unl.edu.ec/jspui/handle/123456789/14021