Efectos del cambio de uso del suelo y su proyección futura en la erosión hídrica en Ecuador Continental
In the present study, the land use and land cover change was analized in Continental Ecuador for a period of sixteen years and based on the land use maps elaborated by the "Ministerio del Ambiente" (MAE) at scale 1:100 000. For this process, the change analysis tab of the Land Change Model...
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| Médium: | bachelorThesis |
| Jazyk: | spa |
| Vydáno: |
2019
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| Témata: | |
| On-line přístup: | http://dspace.unl.edu.ec/jspui/handle/123456789/22000 |
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Přidat tag | Shrnutí: | In the present study, the land use and land cover change was analized in Continental Ecuador for a period of sixteen years and based on the land use maps elaborated by the "Ministerio del Ambiente" (MAE) at scale 1:100 000. For this process, the change analysis tab of the Land Change Modeler (LCM) software was used to determine the gains, losses and net change of the different coverages; furthermore, a model integrated was developed by variables determinants of changes to generate a future scenario of native vegetation cover at 2030. Subsequently, the spatio-temporal variability of water erosion was estimated applying the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) which consists of rainfall erosivity factor (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS) and vegetation cover (C). The results report that natural vegetation cover decreased 3.87% (14 992 685 ha) for the year 2016, with greater loss of herbaceous vegetation (52.16%). This depletion is due to the expansion of agricultural land and anthropic areas, particularly in the province of Bolívar, El Oro, Esmeraldas and Morona Santiago. Future scenarios foresee a positive impact of conservation strategies on the native vegetation cover, with the exception of herbaceous vegetation making evident the most vulnerable to change. Regarding water erosion, high averages were recorded especially for the year 2030 (52 t ha-1 yr-1) and compared to the year 2000 (31 t ha-1 yr-1) and 2016 (35 t ha-1 yr-1). For the year 2000, 72.33% of the continental surface presented an erosion rate < 10 t ha-1 yr-1 due to the presence of vegetation cover and organic matter content that protect the soil and counteract the erosive power of precipitation as it was observed in Sucumbíos, Orellana and Pastaza. Meanwhile, the highest erosion rates (100 - > 200 t ha-1 yr-1) correspond to 11.42% of the total extension, especially in Manabí, Bolívar, Loja and the south east El Oro due to sparse vegetation and development of agricultural activities in areas of irregular topography. These rates will increase in later years. Keywords: land use change, modelling, water erosion, RUSLE. |
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