“Comportamiento de la planta de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) según su estado fenológico a distintos niveles de salinidad”.

VII. SUMMARY The cultivation of rice (Oryza sativa) is considered as one of the most important cereals not only because of the cultivated area and the number of people that depend on its harvest. The main demand for rice cultivation is for human consumption, seed improvement and industrialized use to manufacture cereals and sweets. In Ecuador, an area of 382,230 hectares (Ha) is planted, and produces 1,132,267 tons (Tm.) Of crops. Contributing Guayas (65.9%), Los Ríos (27.8%) and Manabí (4.8%). Harmful components in the crop are the use of unimproved varieties for the zones, incompetent management of agricultural practices and ignorance of the effects caused by climate change such as the case of salinization in rice cultivation, causing great damage and negative effects from the economic point of view to the country. The described situation raises the interest of collecting information based on the behavior of the rice plant (Oryza sativa L.) according to its phenological stage at different levels of salinity. Therefore, we aim to evaluate performance components under conditions of salt stress of rice. And determine tolerance to salt stress in rice seedlings in different phenological stages. Salinity affects every aspect of the plant's physiology and metabolism. Causing morphological damages in the plants like decrease of the foliar size to make lower the perspiration, reduction number of nerves and stomas. Finally, it affects the phenological level, generating delay in flowering. Salinity in rice cultivation inhibits nitrate reductase activity, reduces the chlorophyll content, reduces the rate of photosynthesis, in turn increases the rate of respiration. The seedling stages with 3-4 leaves (at the end of the vegetative phase) as well as those of initiation of the panicle and early chaff (both during the reproductive phase) are especially sensitive. For the management of saline soils, water of good quality should be used, properly perform agricultural work especially fertilization and incorporate microorganisms as in the case of mycorrhizae that improve the growth of plants under salt stress. Key words: Rice, salinity, phenological stage, salt stress, physiology.

• Autor principal: Gaibor Apunte, Jeans Carlos (author)
• Format: bachelorThesis
• Idioma: spa
• Publicat: 2019
• Matèries: Arroz; Estres salino; Salinidad
• Accés en línia: http://dspace.utb.edu.ec/handle/49000/6150