Importancia de las Biomoléculas que se producen en el proceso de la fotosíntesis de las plantas superiores C3 y C4

The objective of this final work corresponding to the Practical Component of the Complexive Examination was carried out in order to strengthen the knowledge regarding the importance of biomolecules that are produced in the photosynthesis process, both in higher plants C3 and C4. The following topics were discussed: definition of photosynthesis, importance of photosynthesis, phases of photosynthesis (light or light phase and dark phase or Calvin cycle), and differences in photosynthesis between C3 and C4 plants. In the light phase, plants capture light energy to break the water molecule and form chemical energy called: ATP (adenosine - triphosphate) and NADPH (nicotinamide - adenine - dinucleotide). The synthesis of NADPH is formed from NADP +, which accepts electrons. The synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is formed from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). These two forms of chemical energy are used in the dark phase or Calvin Cycle. In the light phase the release of oxygen occurs. The energy produced in the light phase in the form of ATP and NADPH is used in the dark phase for the synthesis of organic matter, fixing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere to convert it into glucose. In the dark phase or Calvin Cycle, inorganic carbon dioxide molecules are converted into simple organic molecules such as: 3-phosphoglyceric acid (PGA), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (PGAL), from which the rest of the compounds will be formed biochemicals that make up plants such as: amino acids, fatty acids, glucose, fructose, starch, etc. The differences in photosynthesis of C3 and C4 plants occur in the dark phase or Calvin cycle. C4 photosynthesis overcomes the limitation of photorespiration, increasing photosynthetic efficiency and minimizing water loss. In other words, C3 plants are considered "normal" plants that do not possess photosynthetic adaptations to reduce photorespiration; while in C4 plants there is always a high concentration of CO2 compared to O2 around the Rubisco, a strategy that minimizes photorespiration.

• Päätekijä: Escobar Naranjo, Dania Michell (author)
• Aineistotyyppi: bachelorThesis
• Julkaistu: 2021
• Aiheet: Palabras clave: fotosíntesis, biomoléculas, fase luminosa, fase oscura, dióxido de carbono, oxígeno.
• Linkit: http://dspace.utb.edu.ec/handle/49000/9324