Dinámica del Nitrógeno en suelos cultivados con arroz bajo riego
Rice cultivation has become one of the essential cereals in the diet of the world population and of great economic importance for its producers. Currently in Ecuador, rice production is focused on meeting the food needs of the population, which is why intensive rice production has led to soil degrad...
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| Formato: | bachelorThesis |
| Publicado em: |
2020
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| Acesso em linha: | http://dspace.utb.edu.ec/handle/49000/7998 |
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Adicionar Tag | Resumo: | Rice cultivation has become one of the essential cereals in the diet of the world population and of great economic importance for its producers. Currently in Ecuador, rice production is focused on meeting the food needs of the population, which is why intensive rice production has led to soil degradation due to poor practices. This cereal faces three main problems which are: loss of soil quality due to monoculture, climate change and scarcity of water resources, despite the fact that rice has wide adaptability to a wide range of soils in the country it is produced under two conditions which are: rainfed conditions and conditions under irrigation. The best use of the crop is obtained under irrigated conditions while the rainfed crop is affected by climatic changes. Practices such as irrigation and nitrogen fertilization are indispensable factors in rice production, the release and assimilation of N in the soil depends on the recalcitrance and resistance of organic matter (OM), with OM being the most important source of N in the rice cultivation, independent of the nitrogen fertilization, the irrigated rice production presents several factors that allow the loss of N and a poor efficiency of the nitrogen fertilization. When urea is applied in flooded soils, the loss of N is 80%, so raising the dose does not guarantee higher production; but on the other hand, a good dosage and proper application guarantee us a better use of N by the plant. Currently, there is a large line of controlled release fertilizers on the market that allows us to obtain a better use of N, but practices such as dry fertilization and after a period of 48 hours, flooding the crop allows us to minimize the loss of nutrient due to volatilization and leaching. |
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