Líneas genéticas de maíz (Zea mays L.), que benefician la embriogénesis somática para la regeneración de las plantas in vitro
The cultivation of maize (Zea mays L.) is of economic importance for many countries, so much so that worldwide its production reached 383.94 million tons in 2021, and 40% of this production is used especially in animal feed. There are programmes dedicated to the genetic improvement of maize; However...
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| Format: | bachelorThesis |
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2023
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| Matèries: | |
| Accés en línia: | http://dspace.utb.edu.ec/handle/49000/14843 |
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Afegir etiqueta | Sumari: | The cultivation of maize (Zea mays L.) is of economic importance for many countries, so much so that worldwide its production reached 383.94 million tons in 2021, and 40% of this production is used especially in animal feed. There are programmes dedicated to the genetic improvement of maize; However, there are also agricultural biotechnologies that help the development of this crop, to achieve varieties with better yields. To meet the requirements of the Practical Component of the Complex Character Examination, this work met the following objectives: Define the feasibility of applying the technique and the benefits of somatic embryogenesis in corn, to regenerate plants under in vitro conditions; and Identify genetic lines that have the potential to be used to genetically modify corn plants. The literature review was carried out to determine the benefit provided by the technique of tissue culture under controlled conditions and in vitro plant reproduction through somatic embryogenesis, it has been allowed to develop genetic lines that provide optimal characteristics of plant regeneration. In vitro somatic embryogenesis consists of taking explants of somatic cells, subjected to growth regulators, cultured under conditions of humidity, light, and controlled temperature. Plant cells have a great capacity for reproduction due to the totipotency they have, which allows corn cultivation to advance with the help of plant biotechnology. The results of the research carried out under the framework of this theme, mention that in the induction the embryos that show cream-colored embryogenic calluses are achieved, which were in greater quantity and development, through the time of treatment in in vitro conditions and by interactions with auxins. This allowed to identify the genetic lines of corn that provide benefit to the somatic embryogenesis technique, such as the following: CML 78; CML 332; CML 395 and CML 442, which regenerated and formed embryonic calluses, maize genetic lines that were developed at CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center) in Mexico. |
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