Evaluación de la degradación de suelos en dos agroecosistemas de la granja Santa Ines de la Universidad Técnica de Machala

The soil as a vital factor for obtaining food and natural habitat of some species is being affected by the degradation, this problem limits the attainment of good yields of the crops, due to be presented to the negative changes of the physical, chemical and biological properties and causes by multiple factors such as the indiscriminate use of fertilizer, tillage, inadequate management and others. The research work was carried out in the Experimental Farm "Santa Inés" in the Academic Unit of Agricultural Sciences at the Technical University of Guayaquil, the agroecosystems, banana and maize were evaluated using as a witness of comparison a plantation of 40 years of established without anthropic intervention. In each place soil samples were taken from 15 015 cm, 30 cm and 45 cm of depth 30; samples that were identified, dried and sieved. To assess soil degradation; analysis of the physical properties: Texture (percentage of sand, silt and clay), as determined by the method of Bouyoucus, bulk density (Da) by the method of paraffin, real density (Dr) by the method of the pycnometer, porosity; in relation to the chemical properties: pH was determined using the potentiometer , electrical conductivity (EC) with the use of conductivity meter, total organic carbon, light fraction of carbon, coarse fraction of carbon and organic matter by the method of WalkeyBlack. The statistical processing was carried out using the SPSS version 24 for Windows 8 where analysis of variance, with a reliability of 95 %, to demonstrate whether or not there is a significant difference between the agroecosystems in each depth. In the area of maize was evident problems of degradation by presenting a high percentage of sand (4548 53 %) due to the loss of fine particles by continuous tillage (every 4 months), in relation to the apparent density was high to the depth of 015 (1.70) decrease as you drill down into the profile. The chemical properties such as pH values increase from 8.24 to 8,51cm in greater depth the soil moderately alkaline, organic matter decreases from 1.013 to 0.55 % with depth. In the area of bananas is observed problems of degradation by soil compaction with a high apparent density (1.76 1.821.75) which has a low porosity; while the organic matter content is of 3.88 to the depth of 015 cm due to the remains of banana leaves and stems deposited on the soil surface, whose value is decreasing in more depth. It was proved that the area of forest has no degradation with respect to the agroecosystem of maize and bananas because it has a higher content of porosity and bulk density (1.68 1.60 1.62) decreases as depth increases, in addition to the organic material presents the highest value 4.73 in the depth of 015 cm due to the plant debris (leaves and branches) that are broken down by incorporating organic matter to the soil surface layer.

• Päätekijä: Mateo Fernandez, Shirley Melania (author)
• Aineistotyyppi: bachelorThesis
• Julkaistu: 2017
• Aiheet: DEGRADACIÓN; AGROECOSISTEMA; PROPIEDADES; QUÍMICAS
• Linkit: http://repositorio.utmachala.edu.ec/handle/48000/11698