Multiple sclerosis and its relation with immune response
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the brain and spinal cord responsible for serious physical disabilities in young adults, especially women. This disorder causes the loss of motor and sensory functions and its prevalence is estimated from 15 – 2...
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| Formato: | bachelorThesis |
| Idioma: | eng |
| Publicado em: |
2023
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| Acesso em linha: | http://repositorio.yachaytech.edu.ec/handle/123456789/607 |
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Adicionar Tag | Resumo: | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the brain and spinal cord responsible for serious physical disabilities in young adults, especially women. This disorder causes the loss of motor and sensory functions and its prevalence is estimated from 15 – 250 per 1000000 people depending on each region. Those who have MS show several clinical manifestations: physical (loss of vision, ataxia, spasticity, fatigue, pain, incontinence), cognitive, psychosocial, and behavioral problems. The pathology typical of multiple sclerosis (MS) is an increase in inflammatory responses with evident destruction of the myelin sheaths together with a proliferation of astrocytes, activation of the microglia, gliosis, and axonal degeneration. The inflammatory process is associated with an autoimmune cascade in which the immune system attacks the myelin sheath of nerve cells by T cells mainly by T helper 17 cells (TH17). Perivenular inflammatory lesions are the most distinctive pathologic feature of MS. These lesions give rise to demyelinating plaques in which the number of CD8+ T cells is greater than the number of CD4+ T cells in regions such as the cortical gray matter and white matter. The diagnostic criteria for MS have varied depending on the new information found, but the most widely accepted are McDonald's, which recommends a lumbar puncture, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The development of new biomarkers and the constant updating of diagnostic criteria are useful tools for early and appropriate diagnosis. This work conducted a review to determine the close relationship between this neurodegenerative disease and the immune response to reduce the prevalence of the disease and provide accurate and updated information to find an appropriate treatment for this disease. |
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