Diversidad Florística y estimación de la captura de carbono en tres ecosistemas del parque Universitario "Francisco Vivar Castro", cantón Loja, Ecuador
This study was carried out in the University Park "Francisco Vivar Castro" (PUEAR), located in the canton and province of Loja from October 2017 to July 2018, forming part of the project called: "Ecological processes of the vegetation of the Andean forest of the park university "...
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| Format: | bachelorThesis |
| Language: | spa |
| Published: |
2018
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dspace.unl.edu.ec/jspui/handle/123456789/21532 |
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Add Tag | Summary: | This study was carried out in the University Park "Francisco Vivar Castro" (PUEAR), located in the canton and province of Loja from October 2017 to July 2018, forming part of the project called: "Ecological processes of the vegetation of the Andean forest of the park university "Francisco Vivar Castro" of the National University of Loja "; with the aim of determining the floristic composition and carbon sequestration in the páramo, bushes vegetation and mixed forest of Nogal. Five temporary plots of 20 x 20 m (400 m2) in the mixed forest were installed temporary plots to sample trees. All individuals greater than or equal to 5 cm of DBH (1,30 m stem height) were inventoried, the diameter and height of each individual was measured to calculate volume and basal area of each species. Five plots of 5 x 5 m (25 m2) in the shrub stratum and 1 x 1 (1 m2) temporary plots in the herbaceous stratum were installed respectively. In the shrub vegetation, ten temporary plots of 10 x 10 m (100 m2) were installed and ten plots of 2 x 2 m (4 m2) in the páramo to sample herbs. The floristic composition was determined, structural parameters such as: absolute density (D), relative density (Dr), relative dominance (DmR), frequency (Fr), importance value index (IVI), Shannon index and endemism. To determine the carbon sequestration in the mixed forest of Nogal, 5 plots of (20 x 20 m) were installed, within which 3 plots (5 x 2 m) and (1 x 1 m) were installed for shrubs and herbs respectively. With respect to the shrub and páramo vegetation, 10 sample plots were installed for each ecosystem of (1 x 1 m) respectively. The carbon content of the trees was estimated from the calculation of stem biomass and estimates of the percentage of foliar and root biomass. To calculate the carbon content of shrubs and herbs from the mixed forest, as well as for shrub and páramo cover, the destructive method was applied which consisted in cutting, weighing and labeling in situ all the existing vegetation of each plot, taking 1 kg samples to obtain the dry weight / wet weight ratio equivalent to biomass. To calculate the carbon, the biomass obtained by the conversion factor of 0.5 was multiplied. A total of 517 individuals were registered in the mixed forest of Nogal, belonging to 43 species 38 genera, 29 families, of which 11 species are arboreal, 20 shrubs and 12 herbaceous species in a 2 000 m2 of sampling area; This forest has a basal area of 17, 75 m2 / ha and a volume of 219, 95 m3 / ha. Regarding the floristic composition of the shrub, a total of 1 808 individuals were registered, yielding a total of 46 species within 39 genera belonging to 21 families in 1 000 m2 of sampling area. The floristic composition of the páramo registered 384 individuals distributed in 14 species of 12 genera and 9 families, in 40 m2 of sampling area. The most ecologically important species of the Nogal mixto forest were: Juglans neotropica, Eucalyptus sp, Verbesina lloensis, Piper asperiusculum, Lycianthes radiata, Blechnum occidentale and Cyperus rotundus. Regarding the shrub vegetation: Gaultheria reticulate, Ageratina dendroides, Pteridium arachnoideum, Rhynchospora vulcani. For the páramo the important species were: Pteridium arachnoideum, Paepalanthus ensifolius, Calamagrostis intermedia, Axonopus compressus and Puya eryngioides. Seven endemic species were registered in the study area, Aetheolaena heterophylla, Verbesina pentantha, Senecio iscoensis, Cronquistianthus niveus, (Asteraceae); Puya eryngioides (Bromeliaceae); Bejaria subsessilis (Ericaceae) and Lepechinia mutica (Lamiaceae). The carbon content was estimated in 95.66 MgC/ha for the mixed forest of Nogal; 14,10 MgC/ha for shrub vegetation and 2,22 MgC/ha for páramo. This investigation in the University Park "Francisco Vivar Castro", allowed to identify the floristic composition and carbon storage of the vegetal species of the anthropic páramo, shrub vegetation and mixed forest of Nogal, becoming as an instrument that allow establishing the bases for the monitoring, maintenance, and conservation of the biodiversity of the ecosystems, taking into account that this zone presents the risk of being transformed by the influence of forest fires that mainly affects the water resource. Keywords: Mixed forest of Nogal, scrub, paramo, structural parameters, endemism, biomass and carbon. |
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