Mecanismos de respuesta frente a la deficiencia de nutrientes en el cultivo de Cacao en la costa ecuatoriana.

Cocoa is one of the most important crops not only for Ecuador, but also worldwide. Nutritional deficiencies in the crop, in general nutritional disorders, inhibit or decrease the growth and production of cocoa. When the plant fails to assimilate these chemical elements, it is forced to enter stress conditions. These conditions change depending on the plant species and its phenological age. However, the processes of photosynthesis and transpiration are seriously affected, but these actions can also produce response mechanisms that adjust their homeostasis through the expression of different biochemical processes, responsible for the transport and assimilation of nutrients. These substances produce the formation of elicitors that are still being studied, because their functions are not completely known. Under this context, the research work compiled information on the various plant mechanisms that plants use in response to nutrient deficiency. The results indicate that plants, as an alternative, use several chemical and physiological routes, to avoid energy waste. Among the main physiological responses, we have: the regulation of stomata, decrease in leaf area, increase in photon capture, lower respiration rates, lower amount of photoprotective pigments, photoinhibition, improved nutrient absorption in conjunction with symbionts. In relation to the chemical responses, we have epoxidation of xanthophylls, better carboxylation rates of ribulose, increase in the photochemical activity of PSII by cytochrome, increase in salicylate levels in the leaf and increase in the content of alkaloids/polyphenols. In this concept, the plant developed a unique capacity to cope, over time, with nutrient deficiency, avoiding energy consumption and loss in grain yield to a minimum.

• Главный автор: Rodríguez Castillo, Gean Carlos (author)
• Формат: bachelorThesis
• Опубликовано: 2024
• Предметы: Cacao; Fotosíntesis; Nutrición Vegetal; Respuestas fisiológicas
• Online-ссылка: http://dspace.utb.edu.ec/handle/49000/17240