Caracterización y evaluación de la sustentabilidad de fincas productoras de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en el cantón Simón Bolívar, provincia del Guayas

The present research is a non-experimental study with a non-experimental design with a descriptive - observational, evaluative - explanatory design. The sample size had a confidence level of 90% and a margin of error of 10%, where a size of 51 surveys for national cocoa producers and 38 surveys for CCN51 cocoa producers was obtained. To develop this research, the multi-criteria methodology proposed by Sarandón et al., (2006) was used, who considers the use of standardized and weighted indicators for the three dimensions: economic, ecological and sociocultural. The technique used used scales from 0 to 4, with 0 being the least sustainable category and 4, the most sustainable. Based on the results obtained, conclusions are drawn that the characterization of farms considers important aspects of the producers, in the economic, ecological and sociocultural dimensions, including predominant gender, age, access to education, monthly income, destination of animal production, housing tenure and others. The National cocoa producing farms obtained a General Sustainability Index (ISG) of 1.89, achieving a value of 3.0 only in the Sociocultural Indicator (ISC). In the economic and ecological dimensions, they achieved an Economic Indicator (IK) of 1.2 and an Ecological Indicator (IE) of 1.5, respectively. The causes of low sustainability in the National cocoa producing farms are identified, among which the following stand out: little diversification of crops, low productivity, a single marketing channel, irrigation problems, cocoa rows without direction, no management is carried out. integrated pest control or is infrequent, use of traditional fertilization methods, application of chemical fertilizers and producer dissatisfaction with the production system. The CCN-51 cocoa producing farms achieved a General Sustainability Index (ISG) of 2.26, reaching a value of 3.8 only in the Sociocultural Indicator (ISC). In the economic and ecological dimensions, they achieved an Economic Indicator (IK) of 1.5 and an Ecological Indicator (IE) of 1.5, respectively. The causes of low sustainability in the CCN-51 cocoa producing farms were identified, among which the following stand out: little crop diversification, few sources of credit, a single marketing channel, low percentage of vegetation cover, rows of cocoa without direction, minimal temporal biodiversity, dominance of a single variety, infrequent integrated pest management, use of traditional fertilization methods and application of chemical fertilizers. According to the research carried out on the 89 farms studied, 20% of the farms are economically sustainable, 4% ecologically sustainable and 100% socioculturally sustainable. But only 1% of cocoa producing farms met all the sustainability requirements, since in the methodology used all dimensions must reach a value greater than 2 and the General Sustainability Index (ISG) must be greater than 2 The results reflect that important improvements must be made in the evaluated variables, especially in those that obtained a value less than 2, which will lead to optimizing resources, aimed at improving the productive units in the Simón Bolívar canton.

• Tác giả chính: Valarezo Perugachi José Luis (author)
• Định dạng: bachelorThesis
• Được phát hành: 2024
• Những chủ đề: Caracterización; sustentabilidad; dimensión ecológica; AGRONOMIA
• Truy cập trực tuyến: http://dspace.utb.edu.ec/handle/49000/17733