Alternativas para manejo y reutilización de residuos ambientalmente contaminantes producto del procesamiento de embutidos en las empresas cárnicas, 2020.
This research project aimed to analyze environmental alternatives for the management and reuse of waste from sausage processing. At a national level, approximately 38,000 tons of sausages are consumed annually, so there is a high quantity of these products that cause solid, liquid and gaseous waste,...
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| フォーマット: | bachelorThesis |
| 言語: | spa |
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2020
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| 主題: | |
| オンライン･アクセス: | http://repositorio.utc.edu.ec/handle/27000/7065 |
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タグ追加 | 要約: | This research project aimed to analyze environmental alternatives for the management and reuse of waste from sausage processing. At a national level, approximately 38,000 tons of sausages are consumed annually, so there is a high quantity of these products that cause solid, liquid and gaseous waste, which negatively affects the environment. The lack of knowledge on the part of businessmen because they do not have the necessary precautionary measures and do not opt for good waste management is the reason why it is important to propose environmental alternatives through utilization techniques. For the identification of contaminants each of the processes or stages such as cutting, weighing, grinding, massaging, cutting, stuffing, portioning, cooking, smoking, pre-cooling, cooling, packaging and dispatch were characterized, so two flow charts were made, the first one consists of the sausage elaboration processes in which the inputs and outputs of the production stages are identified, the second one represents the generation of waste in which it is possible to have a concise idea about the by-products that are discarded and which harm the environmental resources. Based on bibliographic results, it is estimated that in the process of manufacturing sausages, as far as dumping is concerned, there is the presence of blood, fats, proteins, and detergents that are generated by the washing area and the waste water comes from the refrigeration and cooking area. While in the area of milling, massaging, sausage and packaging solid waste is generated consisting of meat scraps, meat paste, plastic scraps and grease, as far as atmospheric emissions are concerned it does not represent a high threat unless there are bad odors that are the cause of the decomposition of organic matter. For the selection of alternatives of use that favor the minimization of the environmental pollution between the most adaptable ones it is mentioned raw material like feeding for animals in which it is possible to be elaborated food for pets or to process flour of meat and bone that turns out to be beneficial as fertilizer contributing nutrients to the soil of phosphorus and calcium. While through the use of oils, biodiesel can be obtained from chicken fat. By means of anaerobic digestion, meat waste with animal excrement can be used to produce biogas. By means of the pyrolysis process, bio-oils can be obtained and as secondary products a carbonaceous residue can be recovered for the generation of energy and a liquid part could be used as fertilizer. Finally, the quantity and type of waste to be treated must be considered in order to choose the most viable, productive and profitable technique for its implementation, since there are alternatives such as fermentation, composting and worm farming that were not acceptable for such waste, since it requires vegetable waste and therefore is not feasible. |
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