Determinación de propiedades físico químicas del suelo en la granja Chacras Universidad Técnica de Machala Provincia de El Oro

The present work was carried out at the farm "Chacras", owned by the Universidad Tecnica de Machala, which is situated in the Province of El Oro, Canton Arenillas, Parish Farms, with an altitude of 15 meters, has an average annual rainfall of 197,6 mm, an annual temperature of 26°C and an average relative humidity of 75%. The general objective of this research was to determine the spatial variability of the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil of the farm Farms, through analytical determinations in the laboratory, for the establishment of management and productive. In addition, the specific objectives that were raised were: Georreferenciar the variability of the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil of the farm farms through the elaboration of thematic maps and compare the variability of the data by performing a principal components analysis. The area under study was determined through an analysis planimétrico and reached an area calculated in 50 has. The climate classification of the area corresponds to dry forest, constituted geomorfológicamente by alluvial plains of training pedological. Were collected a total of 56 soil samples in field to (0 - 30 cm) and (30 - 60 cm), the same as they were processed in the laboratory of soils in the Academic Unit of SCIENCES AGRICULTURE. For the determination of the physico-chemical properties of the samples were used protocols are established for the determination of: color, texture, textural class, bulk density, real density and total porosity, and within the chemical factors analyzed were: organic matter, pH, electrical conductivity and macronutrients: total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and sulfur. The macronutrients were analyzed with a multiparameter (PHOTOMETER) Mark Hanna model HI 83225, that allows to know the nutrients present in the soil. For the determination of these nutrients is used the reagent indicator corresponding to each element (total nitrogen (NH4 NO3-), the oxide of phosphorus P2O5, Rust of potassium K2O, magnesium Mg 2, Calcium 2, and sulfur SO4 -2), with the results obtained are proceeded to use the tool of ArcGis to produce thematic maps of the physical and chemical properties of the samples in the venue. The uses of the different fractions mineralogical of soils may be used as indicators of the sustainability of an agricultural system in order to evaluate the various quantities, composition and distribution of the profile ground, since they are properties that contribute to the quality of the soil and has been identified as an important indicator of fertility and productivity. To make a specific analysis of the results is presented a slight variability of both longitudinally as latitudinal in physical properties to the 30 cm of depth product of groundwater levels close to the surface and inside of the chemical properties of the macronutrients obtained their levels were very low, product of the low quantity of particles of clay in the soil, for this reason was not found variability to the 30 to 60 cm in depth. On the basis of the analysis of main components allowed reduce dimensions without that the variability of the data is altered, comprising 6 and 5 CP in the first and second stratum respetivamente with a high variance explained in the CP1, by the predominance of the physical variables.

• 主要作者: Pila Torres, Raúl Alexander (author)
• 格式: bachelorThesis
• 出版: 2017
• 主题: SISTEMAS; GEOGRÁFICA; MUESTREO; SUELOS
• 在线阅读: http://repositorio.utmachala.edu.ec/handle/48000/11701