The fate of Cryptosporidium oocysts in Boliviar waste stabilisation ponds

Description: During the last two decades there have been significant efforts directed towards re-use of treated wastewater effluent streams for exploitation in the agricultural, horticultural and mining sectors. This water must be ?Fit for Purpose? as according to the guidance set out in the Australian Guidelines for Water Recycling, yet provision of this re-use water must not only manage health and environmental risks but also be cost effective. Recently there has been a renewed focus on Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSPs) as they offer an efficient and low cost option for the removal of nutrients and pathogens. However the ever-present risk of Cryptosporidium oocysts within wastewater effluent streams (due to the innate resistance of oocysts to chlorine based disinfection) has required additional treatment processes such as UV and ozone to be incorporated into treatment strategies where water is re-used, adding additional costs to recycling. Yet a knowledge gap exists regarding the fate of Cryptosporidium (oocyst numbers and infectivity) in lagoon systems and the addition of further treatment processes may not be warranted if oocysts are effectively removed and/or inactivated.

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